spinal cord exam 4 (final exam)

Question 1

what is the hollow area that protects the spinal cord formed by the vertebral foramen?

Answer 1

the vertebral column

Question 2

what is the spinal meninges?

Answer 2

continuous with cranial meninges

1) dura mater
2) arachnoid mater with arachnoid layer
3) pia mater

Question 3

what is the size and shape of the spinal cord?

Answer 3

it is a flattened cyllinder anterior/posterior, extends from the foramen magnum to L2 (mid lumbar region)

Question 4

what is the cervical enlargement ?

Answer 4

spinal cord is wider from area C4-T1 nerve fibers to arms exit here

Question 5

what is the lumbar enlargement ?

Answer 5

spinal cord is wider from area T9-T12, nerve fibers to legs exit here

Question 6

what is the conus medularis?

Answer 6

it is the rounded inferior end of the spinal cord

Question 7

what is the extension of pia mater that extends into the sacrum and anchors spinal cord into pelvis?

Answer 7

filum terminale

Question 8

what is the cauda equina?

Answer 8

they are spinal nerves extending from base of spinal cord, exit vertebral canal through intervertebral foramen

Question 9

what are grooves of the spinal cord?

Answer 9

indentations on anterior and posterior surface of spinal cord

1) anterior median fissure
2) posterior median sulcus

Question 10

what is a collection of cell bodies in the spinal cord at the center of spinal cord looks like a “H”?

Answer 10

grey mater

Question 11

what is the hollow space at center of spinal cord attached to 4th ventricle?

Answer 11

central canal

Question 12

what is white mater of spinal cord?

Answer 12

axons in spinal cord that surround the grey mater. white mater is divided into sections called columns

• anterior white columns
• lateral white columns (side)
• posterior white columns (back)

Question 13

what are groups of axons in spinal cord going in the same direction?

Answer 13

tracts

Question 14

what are ascending tracts?

Answer 14

take sense input to brain

Question 15

what is descending tracts?

Answer 15

take motor instructions to PNS

Question 16

what is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 16

all of nervous system outside brain and spinal cord

Question 17

what are nerves of PNS?

Answer 17

collections of nerve fibers and blood vessels wrapped in connective tissue

Question 18

what is the term for connective tissue wrapping entire nerve?

Answer 18

epineurium

Question 19

what is the perinerium?

Answer 19

connective tissue wrapping bundles of nerve fibers into fascicles

Question 20

what is endoneurium?

Answer 20

connective tissue wrapping one nerve fiber

Question 21

what are sensory nerves?

Answer 21

all nerve fibers are carrying sense info

Question 22

what is teh term for all nerve fibers that carry motor instructions out to muscles and glands?

Answer 22

motor nerves

Question 23

what are mixed nerves?

Answer 23

a combination of sensory and motor nerve fibers

Question 24

what are 12 pairs of nerves attached to the brain?

Answer 24

cranial nerves

Question 25

what do cranial nerves 1 and 2 attach to?

Answer 25

the diencephalon

Question 26

what do cranial nerves III - XII go to?

Answer 26

go to brain stem

Question 27

what is the 1st cranial nerve?

Answer 27

olfactory nerve- sense of smell

Question 28

what nerve is sense of sight?

Answer 28

nerve 2 the optic nerve

Question 29

what is the 3rd cranial nerve ?

Answer 29

the occulomotor nerve moves the eyeball and eyelid

Question 30

what is the 4th cranial nerve?

Answer 30

the trochlear nerve- moves eyeball

Question 31

what is the 5th cranial nerve?

Answer 31

the trigeminal nerve, chewing, sense of touch, pain and temperature

Question 32

what is the 6th cranial nerve?

Answer 32

abducens-it abducts the eyeball

Question 33

what is the 7th cranial nerve?

Answer 33

facial nerve- facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, sense of taste

Question 34

what is the vestibular cochlear nerve?

Answer 34

cranial nerve number 8 - sense of hearing and balance

Question 35

what is the 9th cranial nerve?

Answer 35

the glossopharyngeal nerve- secretion of saliva, taste and blood pressure regulation

Question 36

what is the vagus nerve?

Answer 36

10th- enters thorax and abdomen branches to internal organs controls organs(motor)

Question 37

what is the 11th cranial nerve?

Answer 37

the accessory nerve- head movement and swallowing

Question 38

what is the 12 th cranial nerve?

Answer 38

hypoglossal nerve-moves tongue during talking and swallowing