Sports topic 4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is personality?
Particular traits or characteristics, the individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
What is the difference between introverts and extroverts?
introverts- prefers solitude, find energy in alone time and process information internally.
extroverts- thrive on social interaction, seek external stimulation and recharge by being around people.
What is the trait theories of personality?
Trait theories of personality emphasise the role of genetics in determining individual behaviour.
What is Eysenck’s trait theory?
extraversion- how outgoing and social a person is, likely to be the life of a party.
neuroticism- high levels associated with being moody and experience feelings such as anxiety, worry, fear
psychoticism - typified by agressiveness and interpersonal hostility, increased vulnerability.
What is the biological basis of Eysenck’s trait theory?
Extroversion is caused by the reticular activating system (RAS), which is part of the brain that monitors arousal levels. An extrovert is someone who is under-aroused so get bored and seek stimulation to maintain a good level of activation. Louder and more outgoing.
Someone who is neurotic will show a rapid and strong response to stressful situations.
Why are people high in psychoticism and extroversion are more likely to take sports than others?
Sports provide the social and physical and stimulation craved by extroverts and because those high in psychoticism are suited to competitiveness and assertiveness/ aggression in sport.
What is Frances et al’s study?
Compared Irish female students who participated in university hockey clubs with a control group of female students with no formal involvement in sport. The hockey players scored significantly higher in extroversion and psychoticism as measure by EPQ. Craved social stimulation.
What is Catell’s 16 personality factors?
Dimensions along which the athletes personality can be measured eg sensitivity and warmth.
Eyseneck’s EPI, EPQ and EPQ-R
EPI- eysenck personality inventory
EPQ- eysenck personality questionnaire)
Who conducted the key research?
Kroll and Krenshaw
What was the aim?
To compare personality profiles of performers in different sports.
What was the design and sample?
Independent measure design, Quasi
IV- sport, DV- 16 personality traits
Participants in four sports in the USA
American football- 81
Karate- 71
Gymnastics- 141
Wrestlers- 94
What were the measures?
Cattell’s 16PF, and MMPI were used to measure personality as a test for reliability
What was the brief procedure?
all pts were administrated form A of the 16PF, pts who scored 7 or more out of 15 had their 16PF data removed form their study.
What were the results?
statistical analysis showed footballers and wrestlers to be similar in profile but different from karate and gymnasts.
There were major differences between particular characteristics in different sports. eg biggest difference between footballers and gymnasts is emotional stability,
What are the conclusions?
team and individual sports do have players with different personality profiles, people may be attracted to certain sports because of their personality. success in sports isn’t limited to one personality.
50.6% 16PF correctly predicted the choice of sport, most distinct group was gymnastics.
Part A questions?
The aim of the study was to compare the personalities of elite athletes participating in 4 sports- football, karate, gymnastics and wrestlers. Participants were collected through an opportunity sample of sportsmen from USA. The research method was a quasi experiment using independent measures design. All pts completed Cattell’s 16PF containing 200 statements with true/false response, also a lie test to check validity- F/W F/G F/K W/G W/K G/K.
Part C sections?
Profiling personality tests, identifying characteristics
