Sports topic 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are teams?
Collective identity between players where they view the group as a unit, they have a shared sense of purpose and depend upon one another in order to achieve objectives.
What factors affect team cohesiveness?
coaching, sharing of goals, communication and willingness of individuals to put the team first.
What are the 2 types of team cohesion?
Social cohesion- team members like each other and the satisfaction they get from team member.
Task cohesion- members work together to achieve shared and specific goals.
What did Tuckman (1965) show?
Forming- coming together of group members , meeting new members and being accepted by the group.
Storming- conflicts as tie for position in the group with challenges and banter
Norming- teams agree goals and standards for good performance, members find their roles in the team and adopt individual opinions
Performing- conflicts are resolved so the team can function effectively, the team can become focused on performing their tasks.
What did Carron et al (2002) do?
Investigated a group of males and female basketball and soccer team players demonstrate this. Assessed team cohesiveness and 18 basketball teams and 9 football teams.
There was a strong positive relationship between task cohesion and successful performance in a group of male and female basketball players. Task cohesion is a strong predictor of performance in interactive sports
Section C application, carron et al, team building?
Each member should have a responsibility, allowing team members to have disagreements, the coach should learn something personal about each team member, involve players in decision making, set teams goals and celebrate when they are achieved.
What does leadership and performance suggest?
Leadership can be defined as the behaviour of an individual when he/she is directing the activities of a group towards a shared goal.
Stodgill focused on trait theories- stable trait leaders with decisiveness in judgement, speech fluency and interpersonal skills.
What did Lewis find?
he studied adult leaders in boys clubs and the behaviour of the boys.
styles-
Authoritarian- makes decisions without team, input
Laissez-faire- leaves team members to get on without interference they may help individuals but tend not to direct the team as a whole.
Democratic- makes decisions but these account of team member views.
What did Chellandurai (1978) suggest?
multi-dimensional model of leadership-
Prescribed leader behaviour- the behaviour the leader has to do
preferred leader behaviour- behaviour desired members of the team
actual leader behaviour- behaviour exhibited by the leader.
What is the role of a sports coach?
help athletes reach their goals and fulfil their sporting potential, including instructing, demonstrating, mentoring, assessing and monitoring progress creating the right conditions for learning and practicing skills, finding ways to motivate athletes they are working with.
What did Jowett and Cockerill (2002) suggest?
3 variables-
closeness- emotional bond
co-orientation- shared views
complementarity- co-operative behaviour
found closeness was the most important variable linking to motivation.
What did Smith et al find?
focus on the behaviour of the adults who have most control over the childs experience.
devised coach effectiveness training (CET) which aimed to provide youngsters with good quality training to improve the relationship between players, their coach and teammates.
Who did the key research?
Smith, Smoll, and Curtis
What was the aim?
test the effectiveness of a training programme for baseball coaches working with children.
specifically comparing trained coaches with untrained coaches.
What was the sample?
34 male little league baseball coaches from Seattle
all coached 10yrs- 15 years in 3 baseball leagues
18 were allocated to the training group, 16 allocated to a non-training group
What were the designs and measures
independent measures design
iv training programme
dv measures of coaching quality
4 measures-
observed behaviour (eg punishment, encouragement)
player perceptions and attitudes
attitudes to baseball
player self esteem
what was the procedure?
Smith et al conducted the training session for those coaches in the experimental group, lasting 2hrs, presented verbally and in a leaflet. stressed the desirability of reinforcement, encouragement and technical instructions, increasing positive reinforcement, and positive interactions
What were the results
observed behaviours-
no overall behavioural diff but coaches in the control group were more likely to reinforce behaviours, offering encouragement
players ratings- coaches who had training were described more positively
players attitudes- more likely to report liking their coach and wanting to play next year
self esteem- no sig differences in self esteem
what were the conclusions?
the training programme for coaches had a sig impact on their behaviours towards the players.
Section A questions?
Aim, sample, RM, procedure
Finding 1- coaches who had undertaken the programme were more likely to reinforce and encourage and less likely to punish children.
Finding 2- there was greater improvement in self-esteem in the CET condition
Section C
improve team cohesion, strong bond, positive relationship between cohesion and performance.
clear expectations
responsibilities
disagree and challenge
