Sports topic 6 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is audience effect?
social facilitation, being in the presence of other people.
co-action effects
What is Zajonc’s audience effect?
effects of the presence of others depends on levels of arousal, skill and task complexity
What is arousal?
biological response whereby things like heart rate increase for a ‘fight or flight response’, beneficial when you are high skilled or the task is simple.
What did Michaels et al suggest?
skill level of pool players in a university, the presence of an audience improved the performance the above average players and impaired the performance of the below average players.
What is Cottrell’s evaluation apprehension theory?
the level of cognitive anxiety experienced by the performer impacts performance.
Performer knows the audience can judge them positively or negatively, if the audience will judge them negatively they perform worse.
more anxiety, pressure
what did baron’s distraction conflict theory suggest?
audience can distract a performer, dominant tasks less so.
Individual differences?
personality
extroversion vs introversion
extroverts will thrive with an audience, thrive off energy from an audience.
What did Graydon and Murphy suggest?
extroverts perform better in tennis serves than introverts, 50 students
what is the home advantage?
if a team is playing at home they have greater chance at winning. familiar setting, home colours and cheering. drive theory.
what is the home disadvantage
team operating under high pressure performs worse, Weinberg and Gould found important matches should not be performed at home.
Who did the key research?
Zajonc
What is social facilitation?
effect of others on performance, arousal effects and how the presence of others may lead to task impairment.
What was the aim?
presence of other cockroaches increased arousal in all coaches leading to task improvement.
What was the sample?
72 adult female cockroaches
What was the method
times cockroaches to reach the end after light was switched on, 4 groups of 8-
alone runway
co-action runway
alone maze
co-action maze
What were the results
cockroaches acting alone were the slowest, co-acting were the fastest, increase in arousal due to presence of others- simple task
complex task- alone were fastest
