SPT2 Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
It is recommended for individuals to lose approximately ___ of his/her
weight before surgical intervention for treatment of obesity.
A
5-10%
2
Q
T/F: Individuals usually exhibit signs and symptoms of hypertension
A
False
3
Q
Which mode of exercise should the clinical exercise physiologist stress for
patients with diabetes?
A
Cardiorespiratory
4
Q
T/F: A comprehensive approach including diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy
is needed to treat obesity
A
True
5
Q
Which hormone was thought to help the understanding of obesity when it
was identified?
A
Leptin
6
Q
The goal caloric expenditure for an individual who is overweight or obese is
A
2,000-2,800 kcal/week
7
Q
T/F: Peripheral neuropathy as a result of diabetes will typically affect the upper
extremities before the lower extremities.
A
False
8
Q
Which of the following helped the understanding of weight regulation
during studies of overfeeding and calorie restriction?
A
Set-point theory
9
Q
Which of the following drugs may increase the predisposition of an
individual to hypoglycemia?
A
Beta-blockers
10
Q
The cutpoint for hypertension based on the American College of Cardiology
and American Heart Association
A
130/80
11
Q
T/F: Foot care is especially important for individuals with diabetes.
A
True
12
Q
Progression of a cardiovascular exam on a treadmill for individuals with
hypertension should be approximately
A
2.0-3.0 MET/ 3 min stage
13
Q
T/F: Treatment for individuals with stage 2 hypertension should start with only
lifestyle changes and reassess in 3-6 months
A
False
14
Q
T/F: A high BMI conveys the same risk as cardiovascular disease on
cardiovascular death
A
True
15
Q
Diabetes is currently the _____ leading cause of death in the United States.
A
None of the above
7th
16
Q
T/F: BMI is considered an acceptable measure of overweight and obesity in the
clinical setting.
A
True
17
Q
T/F: If an individual with hypertension is conducting an exercise test for the purpose of designing an exercise program, s/he should not take any antihypertensive medication
A
False
18
Q
T/F: Hypertension has a high direct and indirect cost on the economy
A
True
19
Q
Insulin is produced by the ____ of the pancreas.
A
Beta-cells
20
Q
T/F: Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of heart disease.
A
True
21
Q
Recommended weight loss for patients with the metabolic syndrome is
approximately
A
10%
22
Q
Which of the following is attributed as the major driver of the metabolic
syndrome in the U.S. population?
A
Overweight and obesity
23
Q
Functional foods that may improve dyslipidemia include:
A
A and C are correct
( A. Soluble fiber
and C. Garlic)
24
Q
T/F: Resistance training has a significant effect on improving dyslipidemia
A
False
25
Which of the following effects do statins have on exercise?
No effect on exercise
26
T/F: Range of motion exercises are important for reducing the risk of developing
metabolic syndrome
False
27
T/F: Females are more likely to have high cholesterol levels than males
True
28
T/F: Treatment of the metabolic syndrome should be focused around weight loss
interventions
True
29
T/F: Waist circumference is a highly predictive measure of abdominal obesity
True
30
T/F: Exercise is generally recommended immediately before dialysis to combat
fluid overload
False
31
T/F: The 6-minute walk test is more appropriate for individuals with end-stage
renal disease
True
32
T/F: Stronger children are at an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome
False
33
When considering exercise testing in a patient with metabolic syndrome, it
is best to start at an intensity of
2-3 METs
34
Which of the following contributes to damaging the kidney?
All the above
| Hypertension, Diabetes, Autoimmune disease, Congenital diseases
35
T/F: Prior to 1972, there were small groups of select individuals that would make
decisions on who would receive kidney transplants
True
36
Patients with CKD are encouraged to exercise at a ratings of perceived
exertion (RPE) of
12-15
37
Which of the following is a potential explanation for the population-wide
decrease in LDLc values over the last few decades?
C and D are correct
| C. Increased use of medication and D. Changes in diet
38
Which of the following modes of cardiovascular exercise is typically best
tolerated in patients with CKD?
Non-weight bearing
39
T/F: For generally healthy individuals with dyslipidemia, muscular strength
assessment can include a one-repetition maximum (1RM)
True
40
Which of the following are targets for lipid-lowering interventions?
A and C are correct
| A. LDLc and C. non-HDLc
41
Essential components in the behavioral management of obesity include
All the above
(Increase exercise, Diet changes, Lifestyle changes?
42
Which of the following techniques can assess central obesity?
Waist-to-hip ratio
43
Which hormone was discovered that revolutionized the understanding of obesity?
Leptin
44
Which theory of weight regulation has been identified through metabolic lab studies of overfeeding compared to caloric restriction?
Set-point theory
45
T/F: Obesity has more than doubled since 1980?
True
46
T/F: The pattern of fat distribution does not affect the risk for co-related morbidities of obesity.
False
47
T/F: Most obese children will carry their obesity into their adult years.
True
48
T/F: Higher fitness levels do not attenuate cardiometabolic risk.
False
49
Which of the following should be included as an initial step in the clinical evaluation of an obese patient?
Assessment of the barriers of weight loss
50
Which of the following percentages did the excess body weight explain the incidence of hypertension in the Framingham Heart Study?
25%
51
Which of the following weight loss amounts reduces blood pressure the equivalent of a new antihypertensive drug?
22 lbs
52
Which of the following training session durations is required to maximize weight loss?
60-90 minutes
53
T/F: Up to 80% of diabetes mellitus cases are weight related
True
54
T/F: A significant finding from the Nurses Health Study was that stroke risk doubled for obese women.
True
55
T/F: The plan that is developed for weight loss should be based off of their readiness to lose weight.
True
56
T/F: Initially, , exercise and physical activity should focus on resistance training.
False
57
Which of the following cut-points is used as the threshold for hypertension?
SBP ≥ 130 OR DBP ≥ 80
58
Which of the following is frequently associated with hypertension?
B and C are correct
| B. Elevated total peripheral resistance and C. Normal cardiac output
59
When obtaining the health history of a client, on which of the following areas should the practitioner focus
All of the above
| Behavioral habits, Lifestyle habits, Common comorbidities
60
Among which of the following individuals is the risk for an acute exercise-related cardiovascular event highest?
Sedentary individual with undiagnosed hypertension performing vigorous-intensity exercise
61
T/F: CVD risk triples as a result of a SBP increase ≥ 20 mmHg or DBP increase ≥ 15 mmHg above 110/90.
False
62
T/F: Primary hypertension is caused by a disorder or disease of the renal, nervous, or endocrine system.
False
63
T/F: White-coat hypertension generally leads to an underdiagnosis of hypertension.
False
64
T/F: Individuals with controlled hypertension who are asymptomatic with no cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease require medical evaluation prior to any type of exercise program.
False
65
For which range of blood pressure is it recommended that the individual does not engage in any exercise until consulting with a health care provider?
SBP ≥ 160; DBP ≥ 100
66
Which type of medication decreases resting and exercise heart rate and blood pressure and may adversely affect thermoregulatory function?
A and D are correct
| A. Thiazide-type diuretics and D. Beta-blockers
67
A decrease of ___ in systolic BP from baseline despite an increase in workload is an indication for terminating an exercise test.
None of the above
| 10 mmHg makes it true
68
Which of the following ranges of blood pressure is a typical increase in systolic BP per MET increase?
8-12 mmHg
69
T/F: A blood pressure during a GXT greater than 200/110 mmHg is an absolute contraindication to exercise testing.
False
70
T/F: ACE inhibitors produce a mildly irritating cough as a side effect.
True
71
T/F: In individuals who are overweight or obese, the greater the BP reductions are experienced with greater weight loss.
True
72
T/F: Reducing alcohol intake is a way to reduce BP from 2-4 mmHg.
True
73
Which of the following cells produces insulin in the pancreas?
Beta-cells
74
Which of the following types of diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease?
A and C are correct
| A. Type I and C. Non-insulin dependent
75
Which of the following terms describes an acute complication of diabetes that happens during periods of illness or stress?
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
76
Which of the following describes the risk for developing heart disease and stroke in patients with diabetes?
2-4 times more likely
77
T/F: Diabetes is currently the third leading cause of death in the United States.
False ( 7th)
78
T/F: Idiopathic diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.
False (Type II)
79
T/F: Consumption of ~15 g of CHO without fat should help resolve hypoglycemia if patients who are conscious.
True
80
T/F: Patients with peripheral neuropathy typically experience a burning sensation in their hands and feet.
True
81
Signs and symptoms of diabetes include
All the above
- Excessive thirst
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Infections and cuts that are slow to heal
82
Regular participation of which of the following intensities of physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes,. Coronary artery disease, and hypertension?
A and B are correct
A. Light
B. Moderate
83
Which of the following caloric expenditures is the minimum recommended for individuals trying to lose weight with type 2 diabetes?
2,000 kcal/week
84
Which of the following modes of activity is the most common activity in patients with diabetes?
Walking
85
T/F: Providing patients with information on managing their diabetes is essential for their health.
True
86
T/F: Vigorous intensity activity is recommended for individuals with diabetic neuropathy.
False
87
T/F: Patients with diabetes are recommended to stretch 2-3 times per week.
True
88
T/F: Aerobic based activity should be minimally performed 3 days per week.
True
89
With which of the following do lipids combine to form lipoproteins?
Apolipoproteins
90
Which of the following demographic variables influences the strength of the association among blood lipids, atherosclerotic process, and CVD?
A and B are correct
A. Race
B. Gender
91
Which of the following is the approximate time needed to see triglycerides rise and return to baseline after consuming a meal?
6-8 hours
92
At which of the following ages should monitoring the blood lipid profile begin?
20 years
93
T/F: Cholesterol and triglycerides are considered modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease
True
94
T/F: Arterial atherosclerotic lesions first start in childhood and increase as the person ages.
True
95
T/F: There is a dose-response relationship between lowering LDL-C and reducing the risk for CHD-related events.
True
96
T/F: Low HDL-C is more prevalent in males than females.
True
97
Which of the following is the primary target for primary interventions based on the ACC/AHA guidelines?
LDL-C
98
Which of the following medications increases lipoprotein lipase activity?
Fibric acid derivatives
99
Which of the following medications has a side effect causing GI distress?
B,C,D are correct
B. Fibric acid derivatives
C. Nicotinic acid
D. Bile acid sequesterants
100
Which of the following percentages of weight loss will positively affect lipid characteristics?
7-10%
101
T/F: Signs and symptoms are typically manifest in individuals with hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia.
False
102
T/F: Individuals with dyslipidemia may have latent cardiovascular disease.
True
103
T/F: Exercise is contraindicated for those individuals with a dyslipidemic blood lipid profile.
False
104
T/F: Guidelines suggest ranges of 150-300 min of moderate-intensity or 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, or some combination of the two are appropriate for individuals with dyslipidemia.
True
105
Which of the following clusters of diseases is required for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension
106
Which of the following individuals has the risk greatest for developing metabolic syndrome?
A and B are correct
A. Male, waist circumference = 110 cm, BMI = 30.5
B. Female, waist circumference = 90 cm, BMI = 32.0
107
Older adults are at an increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome due to
All of the above
- Osteopenia
- Sarcopenia
- Insulin resistance
- Sarcopenic obesity
108
Intramuscular adipose tissue has which of the following hormonal effects?
A and B are correct
A. Paracrine
B. Endocrine
109
T/F: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has varied according to the definition and cut-points used
True
110
T/F: Obesity and insulin resistance appears to track into adulthood.
True
111
T/F: There are no differences with respect to mitochondria size or number between individuals with and without metabolic syndrome.
False
112
T/F: Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease due to increased clotting factors.
True
113
Which of the following class of drugs increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis?
Fibrates
114
Which of the following class of drugs reduces the risk of developing type II diabetes?
Angiotensin II receptors
115
Which of the following measures is highly predictive of abdominal obesity?
Waist circumference
116
Which of the following durations of exercise is recommended for children and adolescents to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome?
60 minutes per day
117
T/F: Bile acid sequestrants may bind with fat-soluble vitamins and lead to insufficiency.
True
118
T/F: There is a clear, distinguishable line between the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and those of obesity and diabetes.
False
119
T/F: Patients with metabolic syndrome should be started at a workload of 4-5 METs with moderate increases in intensity (1-2 METs).
False
120
T/F: Aerobic based physical activity is recommended on most, if not all days of the week for patients with metabolic syndrome.
True
121
Which of the following is a contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease?
All the above
- Diabetes mellitus
- Autoimmune disease
- Congenital abnormalities
- Glomerulonephritis
122
Which of the following describes the ability of the kidney to adapt to damage by increasing the filtration rate in the remaining normal nephrons?
Adaptive hyperfiltration
123
Which of the following is a contributor to the uremic state that is present in chronic kidney disease?
All of the above
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Central nervous system abnormalities
124
Which of the following hormones is produced in excess to the renal-failure induced hyperphosphatemia?
Parathyroid hormone
125
T/F: Cardiovascular disease is a likely to occur in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
True
126
T/F: Exercise is important for patients with CKD due to the sedentary characteristics of the patients.
True
127
T/F: Chronic kidney disease starts with obvious signs and symptoms.
False
128
T/F: Anemia is often present in patients with chronic kidney disease.
True
129
Which of the following drugs are typically needed to control blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease?
A and B
A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
B. Angiotensin receptor blocker
130
Which of the following is the most common therapy for renal failure in the United States?
Hemodialysis
131
Which of the following is considered a normal range for creatinine?
0.5-1.4
132
Which of the following is the most prevalent symptom that is associated with hemodialysis treatment?
Fatigue
133
T/F: Dietary modification of protein, sodium, and fluid intake is an initial step for managing renal failure.
True
134
T/F: Peak oxygen consumption will improve as kidney disease progresses.
False
135
T/F: Kidney disease is often detected as a part of an evaluation of an unrelated disorder.
True
136
T/F: Peritoneal dialysis allows for greater flexibility in patients’ lives.
True
