SPT4 Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is a pathological or anatomical diagnosis marked by abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli?
A
Emphysema
2
Q
Which of the following is considered the primary risk factor for the development of COPD?
A
Smoking
3
Q
Which of the following occurs when comparing patients with COPD to healthy age-matched control?
A
A and B correct
A. Decreased quadriceps strength
B. Increased functional residual capacity
4
Q
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of COPD?
A
All of the above
- cough
- sputum production
- dyspnea
- chest tightness
5
Q
TF: Patients with COPD show an increased oxidative stress and a reduction in mitochondrial density and function
A
True
6
Q
TF: Chronic steroid use has been suggested as a contributor to muscle weakness in patients with COPD
A
True
7
Q
TF: Smoking cessation has been show to have the same effect on mortality in patients with COPD compared to those who continue to smoke
A
False
8
Q
TF: In advanced stages of COPD, a slowed inspiration and nutritional depletion are common problems
A
True
9
Q
Which of the following cut-points for FEV1/FVC is helpful for diagnosing COPD?
A
<0.7
10
Q
Which of the following should be involved in monitoring the patient with COPD during a clinical exercise test?
A
All the above
a. 12-lead ECG
b. Blood pressure
c. Dyspnea and leg fatigue
d. Arterial oxygen saturation
11
Q
Which of the following conditions is an additional concern for patients with COPD during an exercise test?
A
Pulmonary hypertension
12
Q
Which of the following exercises should NOT be used for an exercise test in a patient with COPD?
A
None of the above
arm ergometry
13
Q
TF: There is a reduced ventilatory capacity which decreases the exercise capacity of a patient with COPD
A
True
14
Q
TF: The goal time frame for an exercise test protocol is 8-10 minutes in a patient with COPD
A
True
15
Q
TF: The ventilatory equivalent of CO2 is elevated across all stages of COPD severity
A
True
16
Q
TF: Oxygen therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for COPD
A
True
17
Q
Which of the following is a characterization of asthma?
A
Airway inflammation
18
Q
Which of the following are environmental factors for the development of asthma?
A
Tobacco smoke
19
Q
Which of the following tests is used to determine the extent of lung function with asthma?
A
C and D correct
C. Forced expiration volume in 1 second
D. Forced vital capacity
20
Q
Which of the following is recommended for treatment of asthma?
A
All the above
a. Avoidance of environmental exposures
b. Regular physical activity
c. Healthy diet and weight control
d. Influenza vaccinations
21
Q
TF: Expiratory wheezing with asthma is often heard only on forced expiration
A
True
22
Q
TF: A FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.8 is an indicator for asthma
A
False
23
Q
TF: Symptoms of asthma are often worse during the daytime.
A
False
Night or awakening
24
Q
TF: Asthma can affect anyone, include elite athletes.
A
True
25
Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of exercise-induced bronchospasm?
Heating and humidifying large volumes of air during exercise
26
Which of the following are symptoms of exercise-induced bronchospams?
All the above
a. Dyspnea
b. Chest tightness
c. Wheeze
d. Increased sputum production
27
Which of the following is the recommended frequency of cardiorespiratory exercise for a person with asthma?
Minimum of 2 days/week
28
Which of the following modes of exercise are recommended for patients with asthma?
All the above
a. Treadmill
b. Stationary bike
c. Walking
d. Swimming
29
TF: Children with asthma are not recommended to perform moderate-intensity exercise.
False
| can perform safely
30
TF: Exercise-induced bronchospasm occurs in a significant number of patients who have asthma.
True
31
TF: Cardiorespiratory exercise has the ability to improve maximum oxygen uptake in individuals with asthma.
True
32
TF: It is important to consider comorbid conditions when writing an exercise prescription for individuals with asthma.
True
33
Modes of exercise testing patients with COPD include
All the above
- Treadmill
- Cycle
- 6 minute walk
- Shuttle walk
34
TF: COPD and asthma have the same pathology, which indicates they are the same disease
False
35
When designing an exercise prescription for a patient with cancer, which of the following needs to be considered?
All the above
- adverse reactions
- pre-existing comorbidities
- functional capacity
- fatigue level
36
TF: Exercise training is not considered safe for individuals with HIV
False
37
TF: COPD is a disease where a large portion of the population of the United States is undiagnosed?
True
38
TF: Treatment of cancer varies with cancer type and location
True
39
Symptoms of COPD include
A and B correct
A. Excessive cough
B. Excessive sputum production
40
Asthma is a respiratory disease and involves which of the following components?
All the above
- Airway inflammation
- Intermittent airflow obstruction
- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
41
Which of the following are clinical stages of dehydration to be aware of in patients with CF who exercise?
All the above
- light-headedness
- flushed skin
- decreased urine output
- muscle cramps
42
Recommendations for aerobic exercise duration in patients with controlled asthma is
20-30 minutes
43
TF: When taking a patient with cancer pre-exercise evaluation, the clinical exercise physiologist only needs to take the cancer history
False
44
Which of the following diagnostic tests detect the presence of RNA?
HIV NAAT
45
TF: The majority of individuals living with HIV are located in the United States?
False
46
TF: Individuals with CF are capable of improving their aerobic tolerance after exercise training
True
47
Which of the following accounts for more than 95% of the morbidity and mortality associated with CF?
Lung disease
48
TF: A decline in the FEV1 in patients with CF may indicate lung deterioration
True
49
Classification of wasting is unintentional weight loss greater than ___% of individuals body weight
5
50
TF: Measures of peak expiratory flow are interchangeable with other lung measures such as FEV1`
False
51
Which of the following races is at the greatest risk for cancer mortality?
African American
52
TF: Chest discomfort in patients with asthma is considered a contraindication to exercise
True
53
Which of the following systems is affected by cystic fibrosis?
A and B correct
A. Respiratory
B. Metabolic
54
Which of the following is the median survival of individuals with CF?
Late 30s
55
Which of the following is where the gene for CF resides?
Chromosome 7
56
Which of the following is used to diagnose CF?
A and B correct
A. FEV1
B. FEV 25-75
57
TF: There are now more individuals age 18 years and older than those less than 18 years in the history of CF
True
58
TF: The lungs are normal on a histological basis at birth in individuals with CF
True
59
TF: Individuals with CF are at an increased risk for developing diabetes.
True
60
TF: Individuals with CF do not have an increased risk of bone disease.
False
61
Which of the following is a clinical sign of dehydration?
All the above
a. Light-headedness
b. Concentrated urine production
c. Muscle cramps
d. Nausea
62
Which of the following are possible improvements from exercise training in individuals with CF??
All the above
a. Peripheral muscle adaptations
b. Aerobic tolerance
c. Ventilation
d. Gas exchange
63
Which of the following is the recommended mode of exercise testing in individuals with CF?
A and B correct
A. Treadmill
B. Cycle
64
Which of the following modes of muscular strength assessment can be used in individuals with CF?
All the above
a. Dynamometers
b. Cable tensiometers
c. Isokinetic muscle testing
d. Free weights
65
TF: Skinfold calipers should not be used to assess body composition in individuals with CF.
False
66
TF: Individuals with CF should have a short-acting bronchodilator available during exercise.
True
67
TF: A lower peak heart rate is observed as CF progresses.
True
68
TF: Individuals with CF with healthy BMI have improved pulmonary outcomes
True
69
Which of the following describes the relationship between physical activity and cancer recurrence?
Inverse
70
Which of the following may be able to reduce deaths from cancer by two-thirds?
Lifestyle modification
71
Which of the following is the most prevalent cancer in males?
Prostate
72
Which of the following is described by an uncommitted cell with various developmental options still open?
Pluripotent stem cell
73
TF: Malignant neoplasms are generally fast growing and are associated with large areas of necrosis
True
74
TF: Exercise appears to have a secondary prevention role for cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality
True
75
TF: Lung cancer is responsible for more deaths than breast cancer among women.
True
76
TF: The distribution and frequency of cancer is not affected by age.
False
77
Which of the following stages is considered AIDS?
Stage 3
78
Which of the following is the cut-point for a diagnosis of wasting?
> 5% of body mass
79
Which of the following is a complication of HIV that increases cardiac dysfunction?
All the above
a. Decrease in HDL
b. Raises triglycerides
c. Raises total cholesterol
d. Raises vascular inflammation
80
Which of the following is described by a loss of subcutaneous fat in the arms and legs and a concomitant increase in visceral fat?
Lipodystrophy
81
TF: Symptoms of HIV infection often present as moderate to severe cases of influenza.
True
82
TF: Resistance training has no effect on decreasing the effects of wasting that occurs with HIV/AIDS.
False
83
TF: Dietary modifications and exercise are established as interventions to reduced metabolic changes in individuals with HIV.
True
84
TF: Engaging in resistance training is one method to help improve the quality of life of an individual with HIV.
True
85
Which of the following is a common complication of HIV and HAART regimens?
Peripheral neuropathy
86
Which of the following is the most predominant pathology associated with HIV and HAART regimens?
B and C correct
B. Pulmonary hypertension
C. Left atrial enlargement
87
Which of the following modes of exercise is appropriate for an individual with balance issues as a result of HIV?
Cycling
88
Which of the following training intensities should be used as a starting point for improving cardiorespiratory endurance in individuals with HIV?
Dependent upon the individual
89
TF: Wasting is considered a contraindication to exercise for an individual with HIV.
False
90
TF: Individuals who are asymptomatic may exhibit lower than normal exercise capacities due to a sedentary lifestyle.
True
91
TF: It is possible to see reductions in exercise heart rate at absolute work rates in individuals with HIV.
True
92
TF: A frequency of 2-3 times per week of resistance training is recommended for individuals with HIV.
True
93
This is the prevalence of asthma in the United States
26 million
94
Environmental factors that contribute to the development of asthma include
Allergens, indoors, outdoors, infections, tobacco smoke, diet, medications
95
This lung function test and ratio are used in the diagnosis of asthma
FEV1/FVC
96
Treatments for asthma include
Inhalers, oral meds, parenteral meds, smoking cessation, regular PA, healthy diet
97
This type of activity predisposes individuals to the development of airway inflammation and subsequent airflow limitation
Exercise in a cool, dry air setting (ex. cross-country skiing)
98
These are the body systems that are affected by CF
Metabolic, Respiratory and Reproductive
99
This is approximately the number of newly diagnosed individuals with CF each year
1,000
100
These are common misdiagnoses in infants and young children
Asthma, Bronchitis, Allergies, Pneumonia, Bronchio;itis
101
This is the FEV1 value for severe lung disease with CF
< 40%
102
These testing outcomes should be considered in individuals with CF
VO2, Pulse oximetry, ECG, BP
103
This is where COPD ranks in terms of the leading causes of death in the United States
Third
104
This is the primary risk factor for the development of COPD
Cigarette smoking
105
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD patients include
Shift in fiber type distribution from type 1 fibers
Reduction in capillary density
Reduction in mitochondrial density
Increased oxidative stress
All in all-becoming more anaerobic
106
Very severe airflow limitation is indicated by a FEV1/ FVC in patients with COPD
< 30% of predicted
107
Aerobic training is recommended this many times per week in patients with COPD
At least 3 days per week
108
This is associated as a risk factor for the development of cancer
Physical inactivity
109
This describes a cell that has not yet committed to any developmental option
Pluripotent
110
This factor is implicated in more than 60% of cancers
Environmental
111
This is the first line of defense and is typically non-specific and immediate
Innate responses from the immune system
112
These are other considerations for an individual's exercise prescription when going through chemotherapy
```
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Neuropathy
Lymphedema
Dehydration
```
113
This is the year HIV was first found in humans
1982
114
This is the more prevalent strain of HIV
HIV-1
115
This is the term that describes a drastic loss of lean body mass
Wasting
116
Exercise in patients with HIV improves these outcomes
```
Strength
Functionality
Endurance
Body comp
Lipid profile
Resting HR
```
117
This mode of exercise may be better suited for individuals with neuropathy
Bicycle (non-weight bearing)
