SPT5 Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is the most common form of arthritis?
A
Osteoarthritis
2
Q
Which of the following types of arthritis is considered an autoimmune disease?
A
B and C correct
B. Rheumatoid artritis
C. Ankylosing spondylitis
3
Q
Which of the following is included with the signs and symptoms of arthritis?
A
All the above
Pain
Stiffness
Crepitus
Deformity
4
Q
Which of the following is used to confirm an arthritis diagnosis?
A
A,B,C correct
(All the above)
X-rays
Ultrasound
MRI
5
Q
TF: Muscle loss, muscle weakness, and fatigue are related impairments to ankylosing spondylitis
A
True
6
Q
TF: The onset for OA is typically earlier than either RA or AS
A
False
7
Q
TF: RA typically affects the weight-bearing joints
A
False
8
Q
TF: Non-specific measures of systemic inflammation can be used to assess disease activitye.
A
True
9
Q
Which of the following is the preferred mode of exercise testing in patients with arthritis?
A
Cycling
10
Q
Which of the following should be included in a treatment strategy for individuals with arthritis?
A
All the above
a. Counteract physical inactivity
b. Restore healthy body composition
c. Improve physical function
d. Reduce comorbid symptoms
11
Q
Which of the following exercise intensities is typically prescribed by doctors when advising patients with arthritis?
A
Light
12
Q
Which of the following is included as a mode for exercise for the treatment of arthritis?
A
All the above
Walking
Cycling
Rowing
Swimming
13
Q
TF: Standard peak VO2 prediction equations to estimate functional capacity may be used in patients with arthritis and are accurate
A
False
14
Q
TF: Doctors accurately tell patients with arthritis the appropriate exercises to perform to help treat their arthritis
A
False
15
Q
TF: Individuals with arthritis need appropriate education and encouragement to increase and maintain their amount of physical activity
A
True
16
Q
TF: Exercise does not increase the risk for the development of osteoarthritis and does not exacerbate joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis
A
True
17
Q
Which of the following is the cut-point for osteoporosis?
A
BMD T-score =-2.5
18
Q
Which of the following is when peak bone mass is obtained?
A
Late 20’s
19
Q
Which of the following hormones is important in maintaining bone health?
A
Estrogen
20
Q
Which of the following are common sites for fracture in individuals with osteoporosis?
A
All the above
Wrist
Hip
Spine
Humerus
21
Q
TF: Women are at greatest risk for developing osteoporosis after menopause
A
True
22
Q
TF: Bone modeling is the primary mechanism for maintaining bone mineral density during adulthood
A
False
23
Q
TF: A person is determined to be at risk of falls if s/he has fallen once within the last 12 months
A
False
24
Q
TF: DEXA is the most commonly used technology for measuring BMD.
A
True
25
Which of the following is the preferred mode of exercise testing in patients with osteoporosis?
Cycling
26
Which of the following should be measured to test flexibility in individuals with osteoporosis?
C and D correct
C. Joint angle
D. Range of motion
27
Which of the following is included in spine-sparing strategies for individuals with osteoporosis?
All the above
a. Postural alignment
b. Proper body mechanics
c. Increase muscular endurance of spinal extensors
d. Stretch muscles that restrict mobility
28
Which of the following is the cumulative total of moderate-intensity physical activity per week for individuals with osteoporosis?
None of the above
| 150-300 min
29
TF: Osteoporosis is considered an absolute indication to exercise testing by the ACSM
False
30
TF: Individuals with osteoporosis should not engage in progressive resistance training
False
31
TF: Much of the information that has been gained about osteoporosis has utilized animal models
True
32
TF: Shorter, more frequent bouts of exercise are appropriate for individuals with osteoporosis who are new to exercise
True
33
Which of the following is recommended as a part of treating low back pain?
A and B correct
A. Avoid prolonged bed rest
B. Stay as physically active as possible without aggravating the condition
34
Which of the following is the region where low back pain occurs in the spine?
Lumbosacral
35
Which of the following is when many adults describe a first episode of low back pain?
Athletic competition in high school
36
Which of the following are structures that may be involved with low back pain?
All the above
a. Interspinous ligament
b. Intervertebral joint capsules
c. Vertebral fascia
d. Paravertebral muscles
37
TF: There is a consensus on the optimal type and dose of exercise to use for the management of low back pain
False
38
TF: Low back pain is characterized by pain that occurs in the areas of the back below the ribs and above the distal fold of the buttocks
True
39
TF: Carrying backpacks over a single shoulder does not contribute to low back pain in children and adolescents
False
40
TF: Up to 85% of low back pain has no identifiable cause
True
41
Which of the following are associated with work preparedness obstacles with low back pain?
High physical or mental work demands
42
Which of the following are associated with environmental and social obstacles with low back pain?
Detachment from the labor market
43
Which of the following situations are associated with recurrences in low back pain?
All the above
a. Particular sporting activities
b. Spinal flexion when lifting
c. Prolonged postures as with driving
44
Which of the following is considered a primary prevention strategy to low back pain?
A and B correct
A. Be physically active
B. Vary postures during prolonged sitting
45
TF: A treatment approach that focuses on risk factors and prevention rather than pathologies of low back pain is best
True
46
TF: Surgical treatment has a high rate of success in cases of disc herniation
True
47
TF: Low back pain does not in itself indicate a need for a graded exercise test
True
48
TF: The exercise prescription should focus on promotion of functional improvement rather than reducing pain
True
49
Which of the following is included as a cause of spinal cord injury?
All the above
Motor vehicle collisions
Falls
Acts of violence
Sports and recreation activities
50
Which of the following is involved with the primary injury of a spinal cord injury?
A and B correct
A. Damage to neural tracts
B. Damage to vascular structures
51
Which of the following is involved in the disruption of the autonomic nervous system in a spinal cord injury?
A and B correct
A. Modulating heart rate
B. Modulating metabolism
52
Which of the following is a common adaptation to the cardiovascular system?
Bradycardia
53
TF: Both tetraplegia and paraplegia include dysfunction of the arms and legs
False
54
TF: Advances in acute care have significantly reduced the number of complete spinal cord injuries
True
55
TF: A complete spinal cord injury will interrupt the transmission of afferent signals below the lesion
True
56
TF: A pair of nerves arises from each vertebral segment
True
57
Which of the following is a common adaptation to the endocrine system?
Glucose intolerance
58
Which of the following are comorbid medical issues that are common among patients with a spinal cord injury?
All the above
- Peripheral artery disease
- Respiratory complications
- Osteoporosis
- Obesity
59
Which of the following is the most often used mode of cardiorespiratory exercise testing?
Arm-crank ergometry
60
Which of the following is considered an absolute contraindication to exercise testing for individuals with spinal cord injuries?
All the above
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pressure ulcers
61
TF: A history of alcohol abuse is common in spinal cord injuries
True
62
TF: Pressure ulcers are exacerbated in persons with spinal cord injury because they are unable to feel the sensations of tingling, discomfort, and pain
True
63
TF: The greatest levels of neurological deficit lead to an increased risk of disordered carbohydrate metabolism
True
64
TF: Peak heart rate will likely exceed 120 beats/min in individuals with complete tetraplegia
False
65
Which of the following characterizes multiple sclerosis?
Nerve demyelination
66
Which of the following cells are thought to be the primary cells involved in multiple sclerosis?
T cells
67
Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis is characterized by disease relapses with either a full recovery or a deficit after recovery?
Relapsing-remitting
68
Which of the following is reported to improve symptomatic fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis?
Cooling environment
69
TF: Males are more likely to be affected by multiple sclerosis than women
False
70
TF: There appears to be a genetic component to multiple sclerosis
True
71
TF: The most prevalent course of multiple sclerosis is progressive-relapsing
False
| relapsing-remitting, RRMS
72
TF: Muscle spasticity may limit voluntary movement during extension in individuals with multiple sclerosis
True
73
Which of the following should be considered before a person with multiple sclerosis engages in exercise testing?
All the above
- loss of muscle strength
- symptomatic fatigue
- poor flexibility
- gait abnormality
74
Which of the following is commonly used as a diagnostic tool for multiple sclerosis?
MRI
75
Which of the following testing modalities is commonly used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness?
Cycle
76
Which of the following is used to monitor exercise testing for cardiorespiratory fitness?
RPE
77
TF: In individuals with multiple sclerosis, skeletal muscle fatigue may occur before cardiorespiratory fatigue
True
78
TF: Information from an exercise test can be used to formulate an exercise prescription in individuals with multiple sclerosis
True
79
TF: Range of motion can be assessed with a goniometer in individuals with multiple sclerosis
True
80
TF: Moderate intensity is the ideal target intensity when symptoms of multiple sclerosis are not present
True
81
Which of the following would have the greatest risk of developing cerebral palsy?
Gestational age at birth = 27 weeks; Birth weight = 1200 g
82
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing cerebral palsy?
All the above
a. Bacterial meningitis
b. Traumatic brain injury
c. Anoxia as a result of near drowning
d. Toxins that cause heavy metal encephalopathy
83
Which of the following may be affected in the development of cerebral palsy?
A and B correct
A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
84
Which of the following is a motor disturbance that is often seen with individuals with cerebral palsy?
A, B, and C correct
(all the above?)
A. spasticity
B. Dyskinsia
C. Ataxia
85
TF: Individuals with cerebral palsy have an increased economic cost of walking
True
86
TF: From 26-32 weeks gestation, a noxious event may affect the white matter development in the brain
True
87
TF: Lesions to the corticospinal tracts are associated with dyskinesia in cerebral palsy
False
88
TF: Prenatal or perinatal risk factors account for ~75% of all cases of cerebral palsy
True
89
Which of the following areas is commonly affected with pain?
All the above
Lower extremeties
Neck
Shoulders
Back
90
Which of the following is described when both lower limbs and an upper limb is affected with spasticity?
Triplegia
91
Which of the following is a commonly observed posture in the lower limbs?
Hip flexion
92
Which of the following should be collected during a graded exercise test if expired gas collection is not possible?
All the above
a. End-test time
b. Stage of test reached
c. Heart rate
d. Blood pressure
93
TF: The ankles and hips typically have limited range of motion in individuals with cerebral palsy
True
94
TF: A medical examination is not needed for someone with cerebral palsy who wants to exercise at a light intensity
False
95
TF: Cardiorespiratory testing protocols are often individualized for individuals with cerebral palsy
True
96
TF: 1RM testing is recommended for individuals with cerebral palsy
False
97
Which of the following is the most common form of stroke?
Ishemic
98
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes?
Hypertension
99
Which of the following is described by a blood clot that breaks off from a vessel and blocks a smaller cerebral artery or arteriole?
Embolic
100
Which of the following is where stroke lands on the leading causes of death in the United States?
None of the above
| fifth
101
TF: Women have a higher lifetime risk of stroke than men
True
102
TF: There is a reduced risk of women having a stroke during pregnancy
False
103
TF: There is usually significant warning signs for a hemorrhagic stroke
False
104
TF: Risk factors for a stroke are the same as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease.
True
105
Which of the following is main diagnostic test to assess impending occlusions that could cause an ischemic stroke?
B, C, and D correct
B. Ultrasound
C. Magnetic resonance imaging
D. Angiography
106
Which of the following should be included in testing muscular strength in patients with stroke?
C and D correct
C. 10RM
D. Handgrip
107
Which of the following is the primary aim of physical therapy in patients with stroke?
a. Restore balance
b. Restore movement
c. Restore coordination
108
Which of the following should be the focus of cardiovascular overload in a patient with stroke?
Intensity
109
TF: Contraindications to exercise testing are the same for patients with stroke as they are with other populations
True
110
TF: A graded exercise tests can be used for all individuals with stroke
False
111
TF: Pharmacological treatment of a stroke will vary depending on the type of stroke
True
112
TF: It is not uncommon for individuals with stroke to need speech therapy when the speech area of the brain has been affected by stroke
True
113
% of US adults effected by chronic arthritis
23 %
114
This is the recommended weight of backpacks for children and adolescents
Should not exceed 10-20% of body weight
115
These joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis
Hands, feet, spine, hips, knees
116
Tightness in which muscles is a risk factor for low-back pain
Hamstrings and hip flexors
117
This is the recommended repetition maximum in assessing muscular strength in people with arthritis
8RM
118
These are the two areas of the brain that are most commonly affected in cerebral palsy
Cerebrum and Cerebellum
119
This is the etiology of multiple sclerosis
Unknown
120
Individuals with cerebral palsy are at a higher risk for the development of these diseases
Osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases
121
This type of assessment is important for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
MRI
122
This type of volume of resistance training is recommended for individuals with cerebral palsy
High Volume
123
This is the cut-point for osteoporosis based on bone mineral density T-score
T-score = -2.5
124
A deficiency in this hormone reduces the bone accrual or bone loss in females
Estrogen
125
This is the risk increase in all-cause mortality in 3 months following a hip fracture in older adults
five-fold
126
These variables are included in the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness for individuals with osteoporosis
VO2, Mets, RPE, HR/BP responses
| important in finding contraindications for exercise
127
These are possible progressions to include for balance training in people with osteoporosis
- Reducing reliance on upper limb support
- Reduce base of support
- move center of mass or shift to limits of stability
- add perturbation
- reduce vision
- add cognitive task
128
A stroke is characterized by this
Buildup or atherosclerotic plaque in cerebrovascular arteries
causing lack of bloodflow to the brain
129
Parkinson's disease is characterized by these features
Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Muscular rigidity
4-6 Hz resting tremor
Postural instability
130
This is the major diagnostic tool for hemorrhagic stroke
Computerized tomography (CT)
131
This type of field test has been used as an indirect measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with PD
6-min walk
| distance traveled
132
These adaptations are observed in skeletal muscle strength in patients with stroke
Increased isokinetic strength
| Improved upper extremity function
133
This is the location of a spinal cord injury for an individual with tetraplegia
Cervical segments of the spinal cord
134
This is the cause of secondary injury in a spinal cord injury
Hemorrhage and local edema within the cord
135
This occurs to the cardiovascular system in response to an acute cervical or upper thoracic SCI
Bradycardia
136
This is the most common cardiorespiratory test mode for patients with SCI
Arm-crank ergometry
137
These are considered absolute contraindications to exercise testing in patients with SCI
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- orthostatic hypotension
- recent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
138
Which of the following is included as key features of Parkinson’s disease?
All the above
- Bradykinesia
- Muscular rigidity
- 4-6Hz resting tremor
- Postural instability
139
Which of the following is the percentage of Parkinson’s disease that is due to unknown causes?
90%
140
Which of the following is the diagnostic test for Parkinson’s disease?
None of the above
| DaTscan
141
Which of the following is the recommended exercise testing modality for individuals with balance or gait issues as a result of Parkinson’s disease?
Cycle ergometer
142
TF: Gait abnormalities in patients with Parkinson’s disease increase the risk of falls and disability
True
143
TF: All individuals with Parkinson’s disease will be able to complete a VO2max test with a metabolic analyzer
False
144
TF: Balance does not need to be assessed prior to using the five times sit-to-stand test to assess muscular strength and endurance in patients with Parkinson’s disease
False
145
TF: Bradykinesia can manifest as difficulties with fine motor tasks.
True
146
Which of the following is often used to measure range of motion in specific joints in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
Goniometer
147
Which of the following is usually the first line of therapy for treatment of Parkinson’s disease?
A and B correct
A. Dopamine precursors
B. Dopamine agents
148
Which of the following is included as a benefit to exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
All the above
- Improved cognition
- Improved gait performance
- Improved quality of life
- Delay of secondary symptoms
149
Which of the following is the aim for cardiorespiratory exercise intensity using RPE in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
11-13
150
TF: Physical activity recommendations regarding strength training of healthy older adults should not be applied to patients with Parkinson’s disease
False
151
TF: All types of exercise produce the same benefits in patients with Parkinson’s disease
False
152
TF: Orthostatic hypotension is one of the most prevalent and disabling nonmotor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease
True
153
TF: Yoga or tai chi may be used to help patients with Parkinson’s disease with improving range of motion
True
