SSection 2 Review Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her?
A
Extrinsic motivation
2
Q
A client who has been training for 6 months has recently moved farther from the fitness facility. Which barrier should she be preparing to overcome?
A
Convenience
3
Q
Adjusting daily priorities is a strategy to overcome which of the following barriers?
A
Lack of time
4
Q
A client wants to improve their deadlift. Which of the following is an outcome goal?
A
I want to deadlift 300 pounds.
5
Q
Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior?
A
Planning
6
Q
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation describes which term?
A
Socioeconomic status
7
Q
If a new client indicates that they are frustrated with their lack of expected results, which barrier are they likely experiencing?
A
Unrealistic goals
8
Q
At which stage of change are self-efficacy levels generally the highest?
A
Maintenance
9
Q
This is a conversational technique that helps the listener express the supposed meaning of what was just heard.
A
Reflections
10
Q
Which leadership component refers to the leader being a great example for how to live a healthy and balanced life, which includes being optimistic, empathetic, and knowledgeable?
A
Leader’s qualities
11
Q
Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways?
A
Self-monitoring
12
Q
Ambivalent people may be reluctant to start an exercise program. What should the fitness professional focus on when helping a potential client overcome this barrier?
A
Probe further to determine other barriers they are experiencing and possible motives to participate.
13
Q
statement that shows appreciation for someone’s strengths.
A
An affirmation
14
Q
Which of the following is a question that may promote change?
A
What might you want to change?
15
Q
When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following?
A
A barrier to exercise
16
Q
What stage of change is a person in if they are not planning on exercising within the next 6 months?
A
Precontemplation
17
Q
Which statement best demonstrates empathy?
A
I know that finding time to exercise is hard. I struggle to get it done sometimes as well.
18
Q
What type of imagery involves focusing on exercise form?
A
Technique imagery
19
Q
When it comes to exercise, older adults find which of the following to be the most motivating?
A
Health and well-being
20
Q
Social support is best described by which statement?
A
The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior
21
Q
Which barrier to exercise is most likely to be associated with body image issues?
A
Social physique anxiety
22
Q
Which of the following is a behavior change technique where clients list potential barriers and make plans to overcome them?
A
Coping responses
23
Q
What type of communication includes posture, hand gestures, proximity to others, and facial expressions?
A
Nonverbal communication
24
Q
Providing encouragement and being empathetic is an example of which type of social support?
A
Emotional support
25
What stage of change is a person in if they are planning on exercising within the next 6 months?
Contemplation
26
Not having someone to exercise with would be an example of which type of barrier?
Lack of social support
27
Which barrier is most often cited as a top barrier among most individuals?
Lack of time
28
The role of psychology in fitness and wellness is strongly rooted in which area?
Behavioral change
29
Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency.
Preparation
30
When a client makes a plan, such as, "When I am done with work, I will run for 30 minutes," what are they doing?
Forming an implementation intention
31
When it comes to barriers to exercise, which statement is correct?
Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.
32
A client is asked to record what exercises they perform, how much they eat, and how much they sleep. Which of these strategies is the client using?
Self-monitoring
33
Which of the following is an open-ended question?
What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences?
34
What is the correct order of the Stages of Change?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
35
Which of the following describes attitude?
The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior
36
What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising but for less than 6 months?
Action
37
Which of the following reasons for group exercise participation is described as having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the exercise experience will be like?
Consistency
38
What stage of change is a person in if they have been exercising consistently for 6 months or longer?
Maintenance
39
Having poor body image is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
Low self-esteem
40
Which of the following is true about body image?
Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.
41
When a client indicates that she finds it difficult to complete a workout on her own, she is likely in need of which type of support?
Companionship support
42
A Certified Personal Trainer asks a client who is not currently doing any aerobic training how ready they are to do aerobic training one time per week for 30 minutes using a scale of 1 through 10, with 1 representing not at all ready and 10 representing completely ready. They say they are at a 1; what stage of change are they in?
Precontemplation
43
The number of sidewalks available in a community is an example of which of the following?
The built environment
44
Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship?
Reciprocal
45
Which of the following is an example of a client's intrinsic motivation for exercise?
Exercising because it is fun
46
What is the practice of identifying a negative inner narrative and replacing it with positive statements?
Reverse listing
47
The field of psychology focuses on which of the following domains?
The mind and behavior
48
A Certified Personal Trainer has been listening to a client's goals. After the client is done speaking, the trainer restates the goals back to the client. What best describes the approach the trainer is using?
Reflective listening
49
Long-term exercise adherence is associated with which type of motivation?
Intrinsic motivation
50
client who has been training consistently for over a year has indicated that he wants to find more efficient ways to exercise at home. Which type of social support does he need?
Informational support
51
What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action?
Implementation intention
52
Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing "not at all ready" and 10 representing "completely ready." If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?
Preparation
53
What might a Certified Personal Trainer do for someone in the precontemplation stage of change?
Provide them with education and knowledge
54
Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit?
Intrinsic motivation
55
At the beginning of an exercise session, a client has shared that they are in a bad mood and would rather skip the session. Which of the following observations should the fitness professional share with the client?
Exercise is known to improve mood, even with bouts as short as 10 minutes, so exercise is a good remedy.
56
What type of imagery occurs when a client imagines health-related outcomes?
Appearance imagery
57
Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance?
Why don't you want to change?
58
What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress?
Measurable
59
The intensity and direction of someone’s effort describes which of the following?
Motivation
60
A known relationship between sleep and exercise is demonstrated by which statement?
Increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week at a moderate intensity can decrease symptoms of insomnia.
61
Which term best describes when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and can see both the pros and cons of participating?
Ambivalence
62
Having an informal role in an exercise group is demonstrated by which example?
Planning social gatherings for the group
63
Which of the following would be considered a process goal?
Run three times a week
64
new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting?
Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
65
If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client improve their technique by using guided practice to enhance confidence, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?
Self-efficacy
66
What type of listening involves making a best guess as to what the speaker means, then stating it back to the speaker?
Reflective listening
67
If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client make an action plan to enhance their confidence that they can exercise on their own, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?
Self-efficacy
68
Which subtopic of psychology deals with how the environment affects exercise behavior?
Sport and exercise psychology
69
Without a perceived discrepancy between a client's current state and making a change, what is lacking?
Motivation
70
Research has demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise is best for which of the following?
Providing psychological benefits
71
If a client is using social media to find inspiration, information, or support for their fitness endeavors, it would be an example of which social construct?
Social influence
72
Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?
Instrumental support
73
Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways?
Self-monitoring
74
Extrinsic motivation is characterized by which of the following?
Participating in an activity or behavior for some type of reward or recognition from others
75
When a client makes a statement that supports their current behavior, what is this called?
Sustain talk
76
What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence?
Motivational interviewing
77
Social physique anxiety is best defined by which statement?
When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body
78
When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client's self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using?
Set specific tasks
79
What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?
Determinants
80
Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership?
Situational factors
81
Which source of social support for exercise is the most influential for children and adolescents?
Parents
82
A community could influence physical activity for its inhabitants by doing which of the following?
Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails
83
Which of the following most closely resembles a SMART goal?
want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months.
84
A Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client's outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use?
Providing information on the health benefits
85
A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using?
Self-monitoring
86
Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?
Family
87
Which of the following is a question that may promote change?
What might you want to change?
88
In a group exercise setting within a fitness facility, which person should greet all members, make everyone feel welcome, and ensure that participants have the right equipment and attire to participate safely?
Exercise leader
89
A client wants to improve their mile time. Which of the following is an outcome goal?
I want to run a 6-minute mile.
90
What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?
Determinants
91
community could influence physical activity for its inhabitants by doing which of the following?
Creating more green spaces, playgrounds, and walking trails
92
If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client make an action plan to enhance their confidence that they can exercise on their own, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?
Self-efficacy
93
Certified Personal Trainer wants to improve a client's outcome expectations for resistance training. What behavior change technique might they use?
Providing information on the health benefits
94
A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using?
Self-monitoring
95
Which source of social support has been shown to be particularly important for older adults?
Family
96
Which of the following is a question that may promote change?
What might you want to change?
97
In a group exercise setting within a fitness facility, which person should greet all members, make everyone feel welcome, and ensure that participants have the right equipment and attire to participate safely?
Exercise leader
98
A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting?
Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
99
Which of the following describes attitude?
The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior
100
Providing encouragement and being empathetic is an example of which type of social support?
Emotional support
101
What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress?
Measurable
102
When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client's self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using?
Set specific tasks
103
The intensity and direction of someone’s effort describes which of the following?
Motivation
104
Which of the following is true about body image?
Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately.
105
Which term best describes when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and can see both the pros and cons of participating?
Ambivalence
106
Which of the following reasons for group exercise participation is described as having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the exercise experience will be like?
Consistency
107
What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence?
Motivational interviewing
108
Which scenario best demonstrates companionship support?
Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities
109
If a Certified Personal Trainer helps a client improve their technique by using guided practice to enhance confidence, what determinant of behavior are they targeting?
Self-efficacy
110
Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency.
Preparation
111
Which type of support describes the actions that a person takes to help another person engage in exercise?
Instrumental support
112
Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit?
Intrinsic motivation
113
When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started, what stage of change are they likely in?
Contemplation
114
A Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing "not at all ready" and 10 representing "completely ready." If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?
Preparation
115
Having an informal role in an exercise group is demonstrated by which example?
Planning social gatherings for the group
116
Which of the following is an example of a client's intrinsic motivation for exercise?
Exercising because it is fun
117
What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?
Internodal pathway
118
Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?
Type II
119
What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?
Feed-forward
120
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
Plant foods and dairy
121
Carbohydrate intake prior to intense or long-duration exercise serves which of the following functions?
It replenishes glycogen stores and provides adequate fuel for performance.
122
How many B vitamins are there?
8
123
Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
124
Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?
Golgi tendon organs
125
Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?
Muscular, nervous, and skeletal
126
Which of the following is a banned substance in the United States?
Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)
127
What is acidosis in muscle?
decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue
128
What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?
Long
129
The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?
Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators
130
Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed?
Small intestine
131
What is defined as steady-state exercise?
Aerobic exercise performed at a constant intensity
132
Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?
Multifidus
133
Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?
Diaphragm
134
What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
135
What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?
Beta-oxidation
136
What is end-systolic volume?
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
137
What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine
138
What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?
Veins
139
When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?
Sympathetic nervous system
140
Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?
Folate
141
If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?
The ATP-PC system
142
Which vitamin has an increased risk of causing toxicity?
Vitamin A
143
Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?
Sagittal
144
Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?
Gluconeogenesis
145
Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?
Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch
146
What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?
Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
147
During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?
Hip abductors
148
Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?
Duodenum of the small intestine
149
Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?
Troponin
150
What is glycogen?
The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans
151
A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue?
Glycogen stores were exhausted.
152
Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?
Concentric
153
Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?
To improve athletic performance and/or body composition
154
Which of the following processes describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building?
Absorption
