Flashcards in Staging & Tumor Types Deck (75)
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1
Define Staging
Process of finding out how much cancer is in a person's body & where it is located
2
What does staging help with?
Treatment plans
Predict person's prognosis
3
Main Factors in Staging
Location of primary tumor
Tumor size & extent of tumors
Lymph node involvement
Presence or absence of distant metastasis
4
How are cancers staged?
Imaging
Lab tests
PE
Pathology reports
5
Types of Staging
Clinical staging
Pathologic staging
6
Define Clinical Staging
Estimate of the extent of cancer based on results
7
Most Common Staging System
TNM
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What does TNM stand for?
T: primary tumor
N: nodes
M: metastasis
9
What information about the primary tumor is given with the T number?
Size
How deep it has grown into the organ
If it has grown into nearby tissues
10
Define TX
Tumor can't be measured
11
Define T0
No evidence of primary tumor
12
DefineTis
Cancer cells are only growing into most superficial layers
13
Define N in the TNM Staging
Describes whether the cancer has spread into the lymph nodes
14
Define NX
Nearby lymph nodes can't be evaluated
15
Define N0
Nearby lymph nodes do not contain cancer
16
Meaning of Numbers After N
Size
Location
# of nodes
17
Define M in the TNM Staging
Tell whether cancer has spread to a distant body part
18
Define M0
No cancer spread was found
19
Define M1
Cancer has spread to distant organs or tissues
20
Stage 0
Carcinoma in situ
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Stage I, II, III
Higher numbers indicate more extensive disease
22
Stage IV
Cancer has spread to distant tissues or organs
23
Other Staging Terms
In situ
Localized
Regional
Distant
Unknown
24
Define Localized
Limited to place where it started
No spread
25
Define Regional
Nearby lymph nodes
26
Define Distant
Distant part of the body
Ex: brain, liver, bones
27
Tumor Types
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
Melanoma
Brain & Spinal Cord Tumors
Others
28
Define Carcinoma
Cancer formed by epithelial cells
Ex: adenocarcinoma, BCC, SCC, transitional cell carcinoma
29
Define Adenocarcinoma
Cancer that produces fluids or mucus
30