Staining

Question 1

How do you prepare a gram stain (CIAC) - come in and cum

Answer 1

Crystal violet
Iodine
Acetate
Counterstain (Safronin)

Question 2

What Colour does gram positive bacteria stain

Answer 2

Purple (Retain Crystal Violet)

Question 3

What colour does Gram negative bacteria stain

Answer 3

Red-Pink

Decolourise and ccounterstain

Question 4

What is the most common Gram positive bacteria

Answer 4

Cocci

Question 5

What is the most common Gram negative bacteria

Answer 5

Bacilli

Question 6

C diff and Listeria are what types of bacteria

Answer 6

Gram Positive

Question 7

N Meningitidis and N Gonorrhea are what types of bacteria

Answer 7

Gram Negative Diplococci

Question 8

What are the 7 types of Agar

Answer 8

Blood
Chocolate
CLED
MacConkey
Gonococcus
XLD
Sabourard
Lowenstein Jenson (TB)

Question 9

What is chocolate agar

Answer 9

Blood agar cooked for 5 mins to release nutrients to allow fastidious growth (H Influenzae)

Question 10

What is CLED agar commonly used for

Answer 10

Urinary bacteria

Differentiate E Coli (yellow) from Salmonella and Shigella (Blue)

Question 11

What colours are found on CLED agar

Answer 11

E coli = yellow

Salmonella and Shigella = blue

Question 12

What does MacConkey agar differentiate between

Answer 12

Lactose fermenting (E Coli)
Non lactose fermenting (Salmonella and Shigella)

Question 13

What colour is E coli on MacConkey agar

Answer 13

Pink

Question 14

What colour is Salmonella and Shigella on MacConkey Agar

Answer 14

Yellow-colourless

Question 15

When is Gonococcus agar used

Answer 15

Neisseria culture

Question 16

When is Sabourard Agar used

Answer 16

Fungal culture

Question 17

What test differentiates staph from strep

Answer 17

Catalase

Question 18

What does a catalase test show (positive vs negative)

Answer 18

Positive = Staph
Negative = Strep

Question 19

How does staph bacteria present on catalase test

Answer 19

Clusters

Question 20

How does strep bacteria present on a catalase test

Answer 20

Chains

Question 21

What test is done when a catalase test is positive

Answer 21

Coagulase

Question 22

What does a positive coagulase test show

Answer 22

Staph Aureus

Question 23

What does a negative coagulase test show

Answer 23

S Sapro

S Epidermis

Question 24

What test is done after a confirmed negative catalase test

Answer 24

Haemolysis on Blood Agar

Question 25

On Haemolysis; What does gamma represent

Answer 25

Enterococcus

Question 26

On Haemolysis; What does Alpha (partial haemolysis) represent

Answer 26

Optochin Sensitive = S Pneumonia | Optochin Resistant = S Viridans

Question 27

What bacteria is Optochin sensitive

Answer 27

S Pneumoniae

Question 28

What bacteria is Optochin Resistant

Answer 28

S Viridans

Question 29

On Haemolysis; What does Beta (Full Haemolysis) represent

Answer 29

Lancefield Groups (ABCG)

Question 30

What Lancefield group does S Pyogenes belong to

Answer 30

A

Question 31

What Lancefield group does S Agalache belong to

Answer 31

B

Question 32

What infections can Lancefield ACG cause

Answer 32

Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Skin Infection

Question 33

What two ways can you differentiate S Aureus from other staph

Answer 33

Coagulase Test - S Aureus coagulates rabbit plasma Blood Agar - S Aurues = Yellow (Other staph do nothing)

Question 34

Why should Staph aureus be differentiated

Answer 34

It is more virulent | Coagulase and DNAase

Question 35

What are the 7 sterile sites of the body

Answer 35

``` Blood (Sepsis) CSF (meningitis) Pleural Fluid (Pericarditis and Pleural effusion) Peritoneum Joints (Septic arthritis) Urinary tract (UTI) Lower Resp tract (TB and Pneumonia) ```

Question 36

What agars are used for Negative gram bacteria

Answer 36

Macconkey CLED XLD

Question 37

What bacteria is present if there is lactose fermentation on MacConkey/XLD/CLED

Answer 37

E Coli | Klebsiella

Question 38

What Test is done if there is NO lactose fermentation on MacConkey/XLD/CLED

Answer 38

Oxidase test

Question 39

What bacteria is found in a positive oxidase tese

Answer 39

Pseuodomonas Aureguniso

Question 40

What bacteria is found on a negative Oxidase test

Answer 40

Salmonella and Shigella

Question 41

How is Salmonella differentiated from Shigella after a negative oxidase test

Answer 41

On XLD - Salmonella = red with black spots - Shigella = red

Question 42

What are the three haemolytic groups

Answer 42

Alpha Beta Gamma

Question 43

What are the 4 Lancefield groups of Beta haemolysis

Answer 43

ABCG

Question 44

What is a group A beta strep

Answer 44

S Pyogenes - Pharyngitis - Cellultis - Rheumatic fever - GN - Scarlet fever

Question 45

What is a group B beta strep

Answer 45

S Agalactrae - Neonatal meningitis - Septicemia

Question 46

What are the two organisms found as Alpha haemolytic strep

Answer 46

``` S Viridans (Dental AND IE) S Pneumonia(Sinusits, Pneumonia and Meningitis) ```