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mehdi bio > Staining > Flashcards

Staining Flashcards

1
Q

How do you prepare a gram stain (CIAC) - come in and cum

A

Crystal violet
Iodine
Acetate
Counterstain (Safronin)

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2
Q

What Colour does gram positive bacteria stain

A

Purple (Retain Crystal Violet)

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3
Q

What colour does Gram negative bacteria stain

A

Red-Pink

Decolourise and ccounterstain

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4
Q

What is the most common Gram positive bacteria

A

Cocci

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5
Q

What is the most common Gram negative bacteria

A

Bacilli

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6
Q

C diff and Listeria are what types of bacteria

A

Gram Positive

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7
Q

N Meningitidis and N Gonorrhea are what types of bacteria

A

Gram Negative Diplococci

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8
Q

What are the 7 types of Agar

A 
Blood
Chocolate
CLED
MacConkey
Gonococcus
XLD
Sabourard
Lowenstein Jenson (TB)
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9
Q

What is chocolate agar

A

Blood agar cooked for 5 mins to release nutrients to allow fastidious growth (H Influenzae)

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10
Q

What is CLED agar commonly used for

A

Urinary bacteria

Differentiate E Coli (yellow) from Salmonella and Shigella (Blue)

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11
Q

What colours are found on CLED agar

A

E coli = yellow

Salmonella and Shigella = blue

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12
Q

What does MacConkey agar differentiate between

A 
Lactose fermenting (E Coli)
Non lactose fermenting (Salmonella and Shigella)
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13
Q

What colour is E coli on MacConkey agar

A

Pink

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14
Q

What colour is Salmonella and Shigella on MacConkey Agar

A

Yellow-colourless

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15
Q

When is Gonococcus agar used

A

Neisseria culture

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16
Q

When is Sabourard Agar used

A

Fungal culture

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17
Q

What test differentiates staph from strep

A

Catalase

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18
Q

What does a catalase test show (positive vs negative)

A 
Positive = Staph
Negative = Strep
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19
Q

How does staph bacteria present on catalase test

A

Clusters

20
Q

How does strep bacteria present on a catalase test

A

Chains

21
Q

What test is done when a catalase test is positive

A

Coagulase

22
Q

What does a positive coagulase test show

A

Staph Aureus

23
Q

What does a negative coagulase test show

A

S Sapro

S Epidermis

24
Q

What test is done after a confirmed negative catalase test

A

Haemolysis on Blood Agar

25
Q

On Haemolysis; What does gamma represent

A

Enterococcus

26
Q

On Haemolysis; What does Alpha (partial haemolysis) represent

A

Optochin Sensitive = S Pneumonia

Optochin Resistant = S Viridans

27
Q

What bacteria is Optochin sensitive

A

S Pneumoniae

28
Q

What bacteria is Optochin Resistant

A

S Viridans

29
Q

On Haemolysis; What does Beta (Full Haemolysis) represent

A

Lancefield Groups (ABCG)

30
Q

What Lancefield group does S Pyogenes belong to

A

A

31
Q

What Lancefield group does S Agalache belong to

A

B

32
Q

What infections can Lancefield ACG cause

A

Tonsillitis
Pharyngitis
Skin Infection

33
Q

What two ways can you differentiate S Aureus from other staph

A

Coagulase Test - S Aureus coagulates rabbit plasma
Blood Agar - S Aurues = Yellow
(Other staph do nothing)

34
Q

Why should Staph aureus be differentiated

A

It is more virulent

Coagulase and DNAase

35
Q

What are the 7 sterile sites of the body

A 
Blood (Sepsis)
CSF (meningitis)
Pleural Fluid (Pericarditis and Pleural effusion)
Peritoneum 
Joints (Septic arthritis)
Urinary tract (UTI)
Lower Resp tract (TB and Pneumonia)
36
Q

What agars are used for Negative gram bacteria

A

Macconkey
CLED
XLD

37
Q

What bacteria is present if there is lactose fermentation on MacConkey/XLD/CLED

A

E Coli

Klebsiella

38
Q

What Test is done if there is NO lactose fermentation on MacConkey/XLD/CLED

A

Oxidase test

39
Q

What bacteria is found in a positive oxidase tese

A

Pseuodomonas Aureguniso

40
Q

What bacteria is found on a negative Oxidase test

A

Salmonella and Shigella

41
Q

How is Salmonella differentiated from Shigella after a negative oxidase test

A

On XLD

  • Salmonella = red with black spots
  • Shigella = red
42
Q

What are the three haemolytic groups

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

43
Q

What are the 4 Lancefield groups of Beta haemolysis

A

ABCG

44
Q

What is a group A beta strep

A

S Pyogenes

  • Pharyngitis
  • Cellultis
  • Rheumatic fever
  • GN
  • Scarlet fever
45
Q

What is a group B beta strep

A

S Agalactrae

  • Neonatal meningitis
  • Septicemia
46
Q

What are the two organisms found as Alpha haemolytic strep

A 
S Viridans (Dental AND IE)
S Pneumonia(Sinusits, Pneumonia and Meningitis)

mehdi bio (12 decks)

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