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HISTOPATH > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

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1
Q

increased affinity to basic stains

A

nucleus (acidic)

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2
Q

increased affinity to acidic stains

A

cytoplasm (alkaline)

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3
Q

for H and E

deparaffinize sections in ____, then rehydrate sections in ________ prior to actual staining

A

xylene; absolute and 95% alcohol

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4
Q

direct interaction with a dye or staining solution

A

histologic staining

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5
Q

study of the tissue constituents through their chemical reactions

A

histochemical staining

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6
Q

perl’s prussian blue reacts to

A

iron

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7
Q

periodic acid schiff staining for ___

A

glycogen

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8
Q

tissues required for enzyme histochemistry

A
  • frozen sections
  • tissues fixed in 4% formalin/formol saline
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9
Q

preferred specimen for enzyme histochemistry

A

frozen sections

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10
Q

types of enzymes used in enzyme histochemistry

A

oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, diaphorases, hydrolases, lyases

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11
Q

antibodies in detects ______ in immunohistochemical staining

A

phenotypic markers (tissue antigens)

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12
Q

uses aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions (e.g. methylene blue, eosin) to produce a color

A

direct staining

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13
Q

uses a mordant or another agent to intensify the action of the dye used

A

indirect staining

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14
Q

serves as a link/bridge between the tissue and the dye

A

mordant

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15
Q

hastens the staining reaction by increasing staining power &selectivity of dye

A

accentuator

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16
Q

tissue elements are stained in definite sequence

A

progressive (pag may progress, may sinusundan BASTA HAHA)

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17
Q

no decolorizer is applied; distinction of tissue detail relies solely on the selective affinity of the dye for various cellular elements

A

progressive staining

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18
Q

overstaining is done; excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue and until the desired color is obtained

A

regressive staining

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19
Q

coal tar/aniline dyes

A

synthetic dyes

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20
Q

synthetic dyes are derived from

A

hydrocarbon benzene

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21
Q

substances with definite atomic groupings that are capable of producing visible color but not permanent

A

chromophore

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22
Q

simple benzene compounds that contain chromophores

A

chromogens

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23
Q

added to chromogen; alters the property of the chromogen by altering its shade; retain its color in the tissue

A

auxochrome

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24
Q

impart color that is permanent; composed of chromophore and auxochrome

A

dyes

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25
coloring substance found in the acid component; basic cell structures have high affinity (picric acid & eosin)
acid dyes
26
found in basic component; acid structures have high affinity (methylene blue)
basic dyes
27
stains the cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and differentially; e.g. romanowsky dyes (giemsa stain and wright's stain)
neutral dyes
28
most commonly used for histologic studies
hematoxylin (pH 2.5-2.9)
29
routinely used in H and E staining
aluminum hematoxylin
30
example of blueing agent
scott's tap water and ammonia water
31
routinely used in nuclear staining; ripened with mercuric oxide
harris hematoxylin
32
nuclear stain in Pap's; stains sex chromosomes; addition of glacial acetic acid gives a precise nuclear staining
harris hematoxylin
33
staining method of harris hematoxylin
regressive staining
34
excellent nuclear stain; stains mucin, recommended for bone and cartilage; not for frozen sections
ehrlich's hematoxylin
35
added in ehrlich's hematoxylin to slow oxidation and to prolong shelf life of hematoxylin
glycein
36
staining method of ehrlich's hematoxylin
regressive staining
37
chemically ripened with sodium iodate
mayer's hematoxylin
38
uses iron salts as both a mordant and ripening agent
iron hematoxylin
39
standard iron hematoxylin
heidenhain's hematoxylin
40
for frozen sections
loyez hematoxylin
41
elastic fibers
verhoeff hematoxylin
42
for demonstration of granules of endocrine cells of alimentary tact; argryophil cells
lead hematoxylin
43
study of spermatogenesis
copper hematoxylin
44
red acid; routinely used as a counter stain after hematoxylin and before methylene blue
eosin
45
stains connective tissues and cytoplasm differently
eosin
46
most commonly used; soluble in water; yellow fluorescence
yellow (eosin Y)
47
deep red color
eosin B, erythrosyn B
48
soluble in ALCOHOL
eosin S, ethyl eosin
49
for connective tissues (collagen fibers)
acid fuschin- picric acid (van gieson's stain)
50
basic acridine fluorochrome; discriminates dead and living cells
acridine orange (masson stain)
51
green fluorescence in acridine orange
DNA
52
red in acridine orange
red
53
for staining of hemoglobin
benzidine
54
used as counterstain for gram's technique, for acid fast, for papanicolau method
bismarck brown
55
used for staining diphtheria organisms
bismarck brown
56
57
used as chromatin stain for fresh materials in smear preparations
carmine
58
best known as an indicator; stains elastic tissues, amyloid, myelin
congo red
59
stains amyloid in frozen sections, platelets in blood
crystal violet
60
used for staining of blood to differentiate WBCs
giemsa stain
61
stain used for metallic impregnation
gold sublimate
62
OLDEST STAIN
IODINE
63
stains microorganisms and fibrin in tissue sections
gram's iodine
64
used as test for glycogen, amyloid, and corpora amylacea
lugol's iodine
65
demonstrating mitochondria during supravital staining
janus green B
66
counterstain for Ascaris eggs, RBC, bacterial spores (bacillus and clostridium)
malachite green
67
common basic nuclear stain used with eosin
methylene blue
68
for demonstration cell granules and vacuoles of phagocytic cells
neutral red
69
stains elastic fibers (skin); for dermtological studies
orcein
70
demonstrates the fines and most delicate
orcein
71
used to stain fats
osmium tetroxide
72
counterstain for acid fuschin, connective tissue , cytoplasmic stain in contrast to basic dyes, counterstain for crystal violet
picric acid
73
colored salt of ferric ferrocyanide; used for the manufacture of paints; contrast stain, intravital staining of the circulatory system
prussian blue
74
used with osmic acid to fix and stain blood and glandular tissues
rhodamine B
75
used for identification of spirochetes, reticulum, fiber stains
silver nitrate
76
used as nuclear stain in fixed tissue, stain nissl granules or chromophilic bodies
toluidin blue
77
demonstrate neuroglia
victoria blue
78
property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil solunle dyes
sudanophilia
79
oil soluble dyes
Sudan Black B, Sudan IV, Sudan III
80
most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes
sudan black B
81
sudan black B stains
phospholipids and neutral fats
82
color of sudan black B
black/blue (sudan BLACK BLUE)
83
most commonly used; stains neutral fats (TAG)
Sudan IV
84
color of sudan IV
red
85
first sudan dye
sudan III
86
stains fat in CNS tissues; less deep, light orange stain
sudan III
87
stains neutral fats and lipofuscin
oil red O
88
stain for unsaturated fats in frozen section
osmic acid

HISTOPATH (17 decks)

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