Stains/Polishing/Plaque and Bleeding Index (FINAL REVIEW)

Question 1

Two types of stains include:

Answer 1

1. extrinsic
2. intrinsic

Question 2

Surface stain:

Answer 2

extrinsic

Question 3

Stain occurring within the tooth:

Answer 3

intrinsic

Question 4

The following image shows:

Answer 4

extrinsic staining

Question 5

The following image shows:

Answer 5

intrinsic staining

Question 6

Sources of stain may be ___ or ____.

Answer 6

exogenous or endogenous

Question 7

If a stain is caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR intrinsic stains)

Answer 7

exogenous source

Question 8

If a stain is caused by factors within the tooth (always intrinsic)

Answer 8

Endogenous

Question 9

An exogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

Answer 9

Extrinsic or Intrinsic

Question 10

An endogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

Answer 10

Intrinsic only

Question 11

List some causes/examples of Intrinsic stains:

Answer 11

1. Drug-induced (tetracycline)
2. Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth)
3. Restorative materials
4. Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)

Question 12

Yellow stains are ____ stains

Answer 12

extrinsic

Question 13

What type of stain is being described?

• common in all ages
• associated with plaque accumulation
• typically related to poor oral hygeine
• source is typically food pigments

Answer 13

Yellow stain

Question 14

What is the source of a yellow stain typically?

Answer 14

food pigments

Question 15

What type of stain is associated with poor oral hygiene and plaque accumulation?

Answer 15

yellow stain

Question 16

Green stains are ____ stains

Answer 16

extrinsic

Question 17

What type of stain is being described?

• Light to dark in color
• found within plaque
• typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
• sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
• Caused by chromo-genetic bacteria, tobacco use, dark food/drinks, and poor oral hygeine

Answer 17

Green stains

Question 18

Where are green stains typically found??

Answer 18

Within plaque on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors

Question 19

A dark green stain may:

Answer 19

become incorporated into the tooth structure

Question 20

Green stains are caused by: (4)

Answer 20

1. chromo-genetic bacteria
2. tobacco use
3. dark food/drinks
4. poor oral hygiene

Question 21

What type of stain is being described?

• found along cervical third near gingival margin
• fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
• can appear black at pits/fissures
• attached via pellicle structure
• made up of microorganisms (gram + rods)
• common in women and children
• reforms after removal

Answer 21

Black-line stain

Question 22

A black-line stain is a ____ stain

Answer 22

extrinsic

Question 23

Where is a black line stain typically found?

Answer 23

along cervical third near gingival margin and may appear at pits and fissures

Question 24

How is a black line stain attached?

Answer 24

via pellicle structure

Question 25

What type of bacteria cause black-line stains?

Answer 25

gram + rods

Question 26

Black line stains are most common in:

Answer 26

women and children

Question 27

Tobacco stains are ____ stains

Answer 27

extrinsic

Question 28

What type of stain is being described? - light brown to dark black in color - diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus - heavier deposits can become intrinsic staining - frequently noticed on the lingual aspects of teeth - composed of tar products

Answer 28

tobacco stains

Question 29

What color describes tobacco stains?

Answer 29

light brown to dark black

Question 30

Heavier deposits, especially chewing tobacco can become:

Answer 30

intrinsic staining

Question 31

Where is tobacco staining frequently noticed?

Answer 31

lingual aspects of teeth

Question 32

Tobacco staining is composed of:

Answer 32

tar products

Question 33

What type of stain is likely seen in the image below? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic

Answer 33

tobacco stain (brown color; lingual surface)

Question 34

"Other brown stains" may be caused by: (3)

Answer 34

1. stannous fluoride 2. anti-plaque agents 3. betel leaf

Question 35

Orange or red stain is a ____ stain

Answer 35

extrinsic

Question 36

What type of stain is being described? - often appears at the cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region - rare occurence - etiology: chromogenic bacteria

Answer 36

orange or red stain

Question 37

What type of stain has a rare occurrence?

Answer 37

orange or red sted

Question 38

The cause of orange or red stains=

Answer 38

chromogenic bacteria

Question 39

What type of stain is seen in the following image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 39

orange or red

Question 40

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 40

tetracycline stain; intrinsic

Question 41

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 41

trauma stain; intrinsic

Question 42

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 42

restorative material stain; intrinsic

Question 43

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 43

fluorosis; intrinsic

Question 44

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

Answer 44

enamel hypoplasia; intrinsic

Question 45

Do tooth stains cause disease?

Answer 45

No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases, and removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only

Question 46

What does polishing do? (4)

Answer 46

1. removes extrinsic stain and plaque 2. smoothes out tooth surface 3. improves aesthetic appearance 4. aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding

Question 47

What effect does polishing have on teeth?

Answer 47

Removes fluoride rich enamel layer and abrades dentin/cementum

Question 48

The negatives of polishing include: (5)

Answer 48

1. aerosol production 2. bacteremia 3. produces heat 4. tooth surface abrasian 5. tissue trauma

Question 49

List the contraindications of polishing: (7)

Answer 49

1. No extrinsic stain 2. Hypersensitivity 3. Decalcified/carious lesion 4. Cementum/denin exposure 5. Fixed crowns 6. Newly erupted teeth 7. Gingival or periodontal inflammation (NO polishing after SRP)

Question 50

Why do we need a plaque index index?

Answer 50

standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of plaque present on teeth putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as caries and periodontitis

Question 51

A plaque index allows for a ___ given for observing and individuals ability to practice good oral hygiene care at home and used for patient understanding

Answer 51

numerical value (%)

Question 52

Why do we need a bleeding index?

Answer 52

standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of bleeding present with probing putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis

Question 53

A bleeding index allows for a ____ give for observing bleeding upon probing

Answer 53

numerical value (%)

Question 54

Bleeding upon probing indicates:

Answer 54

ulceration of the junctional epithelium - indicating inflammation

Question 55

Useful for accessing the oral hygiene instruction needs of your patient:

Answer 55

plaque score

Question 56

Aids in determining whether patient is a good candidate for surgical periodontal therapy:

Answer 56

Plaque score

Question 57

Gives clinicians an indicator for why caries control and periodontal conditions are at their current level (good or bad)

Answer 57

plaque score

Question 58

Helpful in identifying active gingival disease (gingivitis or periodontitis for example):

Answer 58

bleeding index