Sweetners (FINAL REVIEW)

Question 1

Alternative sweetener classifications include:

Answer 1

1. polyols
2. intense sweetners
3. nonnutritive sweeteners

Question 2

Sugar alcohols=

Answer 2

polyols

Question 3

Polyols are ____ the caloric content of sucrose

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:

Answer 4

sucrose

Question 5

List the types of polyols: (4)

Answer 5

1. sorbitol
2. mannitol
3. erythritol
4. xylitol

Question 6

Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:

Answer 6

sorbitol

Question 7

Sorbitol is only as ____% as sweet as sucrose

Answer 7

60%

Question 8

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol sorbitol:

Answer 8

Yes- sorbitol is considered noncariogenic, however, it is slowly fermented by S. mutans

Question 9

When is sorbitol shown to be cariogenic (even though it is considered noncariogenic)?

Answer 9

shown to be cariogenic in patient with decreased salivary gland function

Question 10

Sorbitol can cause ____ if large quantities are digested

Answer 10

GI issues

Question 11

Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:

Answer 11

mannitol

Question 12

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol mannitol:

Answer 12

Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolization from oral microorganisms

Question 13

Used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:

Answer 13

Mannitol

Question 14

Mannitol is ____% of the relative sweetness of sugar

Answer 14

50-70%

Question 15

Lingers in intestines and may cause bloating/diarrhea:

Answer 15

mannitol

Question 16

Polyol that is safe for diabetics as it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion:

Answer 16

erythritol

Question 17

Sweetness level of erythritol is ____% of sucrose

Answer 17

60-80%

Question 18

Erythritol s a sugar alcohol (polyol) containing:

Answer 18

zero calories

Question 19

When erythritol is eating in excessive amounts:

Answer 19

may cause GI discomfort

Question 20

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol erythritol:

Answer 20

Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of strep mutans

Question 21

A naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:

Answer 21

xylitol

Question 22

Discuss the cariogenicity of xylitol:

Answer 22

Nonfermentable by oral bacterial (noncariogenic); exhibits antibacterial properties

Question 23

Produced commercially from birch trees, corncobs and the waste from sugar cane:

Answer 23

xylitol

Question 24

The sweetness of this polyol approximates that of sucrose, however it is 10x more costly to produce:

Answer 24

xylitol

Question 25

Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, mouthiness, toothpaste, and sometimes found in syrup and candy

Answer 25

xylitol

Question 26

What polyol stimulates salivary secretion?

Answer 26

xylitol

Question 27

Describe xylitol effects as an antibacterial (3):

Answer 27

1. decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in dental plaque pH 2. promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci 3. Stimulates salivary secretion

Question 28

Xylitol-containing products should be recommended in addition to ____ for patient based caries management with xylitol

Answer 28

daily fluoride exposure

Question 29

At least ____ per day is needed to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. mutans

Answer 29

5g of xylitol per day

Question 30

Describe daily intake of xylitol for patient-based caries management:

Answer 30

5g per day - daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 minutes with each dose

Question 31

T/F: Xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow should be recommended

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: Products should ideally have xylitol in combination with other sweeteners for caries management

Answer 32

False- products should ideally have xylitol as single sweetener

Question 33

When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that:

Answer 33

xylitol is highly toxic to dogs

Question 34

List the types of intense sweeteners: (3)

Answer 34

1. Sucralose 2. Aspartame 3. Saccharin

Question 35

Saccharin is ____ times sweeter than sucrose

Answer 35

200-700x

Question 36

Discuss the nutrition benefits and cariogenicity of saccharin:

Answer 36

non-nutritive & noncariogenic

Question 37

The oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet 'N' Low)

Answer 37

Saccharin

Question 38

Saccarin is used as a sweetener in some:

Answer 38

toothpastes

Question 39

Aspartame is ___ times sweeter than sucrose

Answer 39

200x

Question 40

_____ account from more than 70% of aspartame consumption

Answer 40

soft drinks

Question 41

The FDA requires foods containing aspartame to have the following label:

Answer 41

PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

Question 42

The FDA requires foods containing ____ to have the label: PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

Answer 42

aspartame

Question 43

Sucralose is ____ times sweeter than sucrose

Answer 43

600x

Question 44

Discuss the nutrition and cariogenicity of Sucralose:

Answer 44

Noncariogenic & non-nutritive

Question 45

An intense sweetener that is poorly absorbed and is largely excreted the feces and urine, unchanged:

Answer 45

Sucralose

Question 46

Which intense sweeter has no carciongenic risks posed to humans?

Answer 46

sucralose

Question 47

Nonnutritive sweeteners include: (2)

Answer 47

1. Stevioside (Stevia) 2. Monk fruit

Question 48

Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in south America:

Answer 48

stevioside (stevia)

Question 49

Stevioside (stevia) is ____ times sweeter than table sugar

Answer 49

100-300

Question 50

Stevia is heat stable so it is good for:

Answer 50

baking

Question 51

Discuss the cariogenicity of stevioside (stevia):

Answer 51

Supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secrete less acid with presence of stevia

Question 52

FDA approved stevioside in 2008 and categorized it as:

Answer 52

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS)

Question 53

Monk fruit is a ____ sweetener extracted from monk fruit

Answer 53

natural, zero-calorie

Question 54

Monk fruit is high in antioxidants, called ____- making it ____ times sweeter than table sugar

Answer 54

mogropides; 100-250x

Question 55

Used for centuries in Chinese medicine and the FDA approved it as a sweetener in 2010

Answer 55

monk fruit