STem cells I

Question 1

How do embryonic stem cells grow in relation to one another’s location?

Answer 1

They grow in groups or islands

Question 2

Stem cell characteristics?

Answer 2

Undifferentiated
Unlimited capacity to proliferate
Can give rise to stem cells
Can differentiate into one or more specialised cell types

Question 3

Result of asymmetric stem cell differentiation?

Answer 3

One cell becomes a daughter cell, the other becomes a committed progenitor cell

Question 4

Stem cell self renewal?

Answer 4

Stem cells give rise to more stem cells

Question 5

Types of stem cells?

Answer 5

Organ-specific
Embryonic
IPS
Adult

Question 6

Basic idea of how to make IPS cells?

Answer 6

Introducing pluripotency factors into specialised somatic cells

Question 7

Where in the early embryo are stem cells found?

Answer 7

ICM of the blastocyst

Question 8

In which system were stem cells discovered?

Answer 8

Hematopoietic system

Question 9

In what animal were stem cells discovered?

Answer 9

Mice

Question 10

Method of dIscovery of stem cells in mice?

Answer 10

Took bone marrow cells from healthy mouse and put it into a mouse that had been irradiated–>had most of its bone marrow destroyed

Question 11

Result of discovery of stem cells in mice?

Answer 11

Donor cells colonised the spleen (which was otherwise dead) and produced splenic nodules containing cells of all hematopoietic lineages

Question 12

Which cells of hematopoietic lineages were discovered in the stem cell mice?

Answer 12

Myeloid, erythrocyte

Question 13

What were the nodules in the spleen from the bone marrow cells called?

Answer 13

Spleen colony forming units or CFU-S

Question 14

What did Till and McCulloch propose as a result of their bone marrow mice experiment?

Answer 14

Each colony/nodule is derived from one cell
Each colony consists of diff types of blood cells
Injection of cells from the colony to another irradiated mouse forms new colonies

Question 15

Implication of an injection of the spleen colonies forming new colonies in other irradiated mice?

Answer 15

The colony contained stem cells

Question 16

Slow cycling meaning?

Answer 16

Grows/divides slowly v slowly

Question 17

Stem cell nucleus to cytoplasm ratio?

Answer 17

Large

Question 18

What is clonogenic?

Answer 18

Can serially propagate from one cell and get a large number of cells which can differentiate

Question 19

What levels of potency can a stem cell have?

Answer 19

Pluri, multi, uni

Question 20

Amount of stem cells in adult/adult organs?

Answer 20

V few

Question 21

Two possible outcomes of stem cell division?

Answer 21

2 stem cells, or asymmetric

Question 22

What are transit amplifying cells?

Answer 22

The non-stem cell produced as a result of stem cells dividing asymmetrically

Question 23

Difference in division time between stem cells and transit amplifying cells?

Answer 23

Stem cells divide slowly, transit amplifying cells divide rapidly

Question 24

Totipotent cell?

Answer 24

The cell can give rise to all the tissues of the body, including extra embryonic membranes

Question 25

Most totipotent cell?

Answer 25

Zygote/fertilised egg

Question 26

What type of potency are most stem cells?

Answer 26

Multipotent

Question 27

Multipotent cell?

Answer 27

Can give rise to a limited number of differentiated cell types

Question 28

Why are intestinal stem cells multipotent?

Answer 28

Can give rise to many cells--> pitt, pallas, goblet, enteroendocrine, enterocytes

Question 29

Unipotent cell?

Answer 29

Can only give rise to one cell

Question 30

Unipotent cell example?

Answer 30

Stem cells in the skin-->can only give rise to one cell which then itself differentiaties