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BOT 380 > Stimulants 1 > Flashcards

Stimulants 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some widely stimulant drugs

A
  • caffeine
  • nicotine
  • cocaine
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2
Q

What kind of state do Stimulant containing plants create in the body?

A

create a state of well being, self-confidence, increase alertness, and mental functioning, alleviate fatigue and drowsiness

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3
Q

How are the peripheral organs affected when using stimulants?

A
  • the MAY be affected
  • increased heart rate, blood pressure, etc
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4
Q

What continued use of stimulants lead to?

A
  • may lead to increased agitation, apprehension, and anxiety
  • addiction is common with some stimulants
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5
Q

Stimulant Mechanism of Action

A
  • increases activity of sympathetic nervous system
  • stimulant plants can be organized based on their compound’s mechanism of action (cholinergic, adrenergic, purinergic)
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6
Q

Describe Neuronal Synapse

A
  • chemical and electrical signals are received by the dendrites
  • information is transmitted down the axon by an action potential
  • neurons are organized into pathways and transfer information at synapses
  • chemical and electrical signals leave the neuron from the terminal bulb
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7
Q

What does the Central nervous system consist of?

A

spinal cord and brain

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8
Q

Purpose of CNS

A

the CNS receives and processes information from the environment and relays it back to the peripheral nervous system to create an appropriate response

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9
Q

PNS - somatic branch

A

consciously controlled
- movement, respiration, posture
- skeletal muscle contraction

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10
Q

PNS - autonomic branch

A

unconsciously controlled
- cardiac action, blood flow, digestion, etc
- divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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11
Q

Where do parasympathetic projections originate from? What response does it control?

A
  • originate from cranial nerves, sacral portion of the spinal cord
  • breed or feed response
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12
Q

Where do sympathetic projections originate from? What response does it control?

A
  • originate from thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord
  • fight or flight response
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13
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

an organism’s normal body systems relate to how rapidly and how long a drug will appear at target organ
- absorption of drug
- distribution of drug in the body
- elimination or clearance of drug from the body
- these factors determine the appropriate concentration, route of admin, or dose of drug that is to be given

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14
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • the nature of the drug/target interaction is essential in determining the dose of a specific drug that is to be given
  • dose response curves determine how drugs interact with specific drugs
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15
Q

Analogs

A

drugs that resemble endogenous chemicals and can bind to cellular receptors

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16
Q

Morphine

A
  • is a structural mimic (analog) of an endorphin molecule and binds to the same receptor
  • because morphine also elicits a pain relieving response through receptor activation, it is labeled as an agonist at the endorphin receptor
17
Q

What is the final effect of a drug based on?

A
  • how much makes it to the target
  • how the action of the drug at the target leads to an outcome
18
Q

Describe the interaction of drug with receptor

A
  • agonist or antagonist (or mixed)
  • may bind better or worse than endogenous molecules
19
Q

Possible outcome of drug/receptor interaction

A
  • activation of neuronal action potentials
  • activation of signaling pathways
20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • chemicals used to relay, amplify, and modulate signals between cells
  • synthesized in presynaptic neurons
  • released in response to action potentials
  • elicit physiological effects depending on which receptor they bind to and activate
21
Q

Agonist

A

activates the receptor to produce a biological response

22
Q

Antagonist

A

blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor

23
Q

The three types of Synapses

A
  1. cholinergic synapse
  2. adrenergic synapse
  3. purinergic synapse
24
Q

Cholinergic Synapse

A
  • produce and release ACh
  • receptor: nicotinic and mucarinic
25
Q

adrenergic synapse

A
  • produce and release catecholamines (e.g., norepinephrine, dopamine)
  • receptors: alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and dompamine
26
Q

Purinergic Synpapse

A
  • release urine nucleotides or nucleosides (e.g., adenosine or ATP)
  • P1 and P2 recpetors
27
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  • a cholinergic agonist
  • treatment for glaucoma and dry mouth
  • imidazole alkaloid
  • native to Brazil
  • first recorded medicinal use in 1648
    -The concentrations of pilocarpine can reach up to an avg of ~1.0% of the leaf dry mass (range 0.2% -2.2)
28
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • a cholinergic agonist
  • treatment for glaucoma
  • Calabar bean (alkaloid, native to Western Africa)
  • Manicheel Tree ( native to south america, “little apple of death”
  • all parts of the tree contain toxins
  • standing beneath the tree during rain will cause blistering of the for contact with any tree sap
29
Q

Galantamine

A
  • a cholinergic agonist
  • treatment for Alzheimers
  • galanthus nivalis - Caucasian Snowdrop
  • alkaloid
  • found across Europe and the middle east
  • grown in gardens as an ornamental
30
Q

Cocaine

A
  • adrener

BOT 380 (17 decks)

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