STONE

Question 1

• The word “….” refers to natural rock as a material,especially a building material.
• Is a tough durable material
  and one of the oldest used

Answer 1

stone

Question 2

Natural stones used as building material include

Answer 2

granite, marble and sandstone
.

Question 3

Within each type of stone there is range of hardness resistance , grain, and colors to be found
,

Answer 3

t

Question 4

Individual slabs of stone can present unexpected
variation in coloration and marking

Answer 4

t

Question 5

The purpose of quarries is

Answer 5

to extract stone for building materials

Question 6

is a place where rocks, sand, or minerals are extracted from the surface of the Earth

. A ,,,,,is a of mine called an open-pit mine, because it is open to the Earth’s surface.

Answer 6

quarry

Question 7

,,,,,,may vary from one area of the quarry to another so occasionally material taken from different parts of the same quarry looks different.

Answer 7

Stones

Question 8

Appearance: Color and graining
* Durability and Strength: mainly abrasion, strength
& durability are affected by the texture & mineral
composition, chemical characteristics & physical
characteristics.
* Stone profiles
* Surface textures
* Efficiency: efficient of thermal expansion and Fire
resistance

Answer 8

t

Question 9

occurs when two or more
natural or engineered stone slabs are mirrored to match the pattern, movement

Answer 9

Book matching:

Question 10

continue the same pattern at the seams as stone can be cut from the same slab

Answer 10

Pattern matching (running match)

Question 11

,,,,, is a composite material made of crushed stone bound together by an adhesive. This category includes ,,,,,,quartz, polymer concrete and ……marble stone

Answer 11

Engineered stone
engineered
engineered

Question 12

is less expensive to fabricate and install than
slab marble,
….. is a product that is exceptionally
easy to keep clean and also exceptionally durable

Answer 12

Cultured marble

Question 13

Slab materials with an exposed edge when installed (as
countertop) require an edge profiles.
* Designers specify these profiles and would be added
costs to the project.
* Straight runs of countertop are often ground into profile
shapes by machine , but curves ground by hand.
* The cost of the job will be increased according to the
length of the exposed edge , because polishing and
shaping are additional steps.
* Built up edges give the appearance of a thicker slab

Answer 13

Stone profiles

Question 14

SURFACE TEXTURE

Answer 14

Polished
Honed
Sandblasted
bush hammered
Leather Finish

Question 15

: produces a surface as nearly as a mirror
* Soft stones are not capable of mirror finish.
* Applies to marble, granite, serpentine

Answer 15

Polished

Question 16

is when the stone slab has been
grounded to a smooth, flat consistent surface.
* This finish is created by stopping short of the last stage of polishing, leaving the stone with a non-shiny, matte look and velvet-like touch.

Answer 16

Honed

Question 17

• Also known as abrasive blasting
  ,
• ,,,,,is a surface finishing process that involves the use of a powered machine —typically an
  air compressor to spray abrasive particles under high pressure against a surface.
• Surfaces has fine stippling from blasting by an abrasive.
• This treatment applies to all stones

Answer 17

Sandblasted

Question 18

finish is achieved
through the use of a high impact
machine to uniformly pit the stone
surface.
* An irregular dimples are created on the material.

Answer 18

A bush hammered

Question 19

It features a soft sheen that is less
than polished granite but includes a
textured appearance.
* ,,,,,, is most often used
for countertops, and outdoor
applications

Answer 19

A leathered finish

Question 20

STONES IN INTERIOR DESIGN

Answer 20

Limestone
* Granite
* Marble
* Serpentine
* Travertine
* Slate
* Onyx

Question 21

is usually gray, but it may also be white, yellow or brown.
* :is a soft stone. But hard enough to receive a polish like a honed marble
* Because they are calcite based, they dissolve easily in acids
(including vinegar).

Answer 21

Limestone

Question 22

• Buildings and statues constructed of ,,,,,can be protected from pollution by applying a thin, single layer of a water-resistant coating.

Answer 22

limestone

Question 23

• …..is one of the most durable options out of all building materials. It’s strong and dense, and contains
  few pores which make it harder for the stone to break its also weather resistant, Not sensitive to heat.

Answer 23

limestone

Question 24

: is a very hard dense stone
* It can be polished to a high gloss and several degrees of
reflectivity.
* ..is preferred where resistance to acids and abrasion is important.

Answer 24

Granite

Question 25

The term .....refers to metamorphosed limestone * It is harder than limestone (Limestone: generally, is a soft stone) But Softer than granite. The most famous varieties come from Italy and Greece. ,

Answer 25

marble

Question 26

* ....is water-resistant and does not show scratches. * Can be polished and honed (Honed means having a smooth matte finish) * Sensitive to acid and will soak up oil

Answer 26

marble

Question 27

* Typically recognized by its veined appearance * Smooth, hard and cool to touch, both ....and granite provide beautiful pattern.

Answer 27

marble

Question 28

: often referred to as green marble but it is a different stone material. * It is as hard or even harder than marble . * It can warp in wet areas, dry adhesive is used instead of Portland cement. * Colors range from olive green to greenish black

Answer 28

Serpentine

Question 29

:is a dense limestone formed by minerals deposited as hot springs bubbled up. * Often characterized as a marble because it can take a polish. * Cross cut ....has holes in its face that are filled up with resin

Answer 29

Travertine

Question 30

a Travertine cons vs pors

Answer 30

Pros: Cheaper than marble or granite. Available in many different colors and tones. Very durable – adds value to the home. Can be used in a variety of applications. Non-slip texture – safe to walk on. Highly resistant to extreme temperatures. ❌ Cons: Porous – absorbs liquids easily. Highly reactive to acidic substances. Cannot be cleaned with vinegar or salt. Heavier than other tiles. Requires special products to seal and maintain the surface.

Question 31

: naturally have a cleft face. * ,,,,will be stable enough to maintain a flat surface after the cleft face has been abraded off.

Answer 31

Slate

Question 32

* The cleft face does not allow it to be polished or honed. * Completely fire resistant. A ,,,,,tile roof will resist high heat and temperatures, and fire – making .....roofs ideal. * Mold resistant and low water absorption

Answer 32

Slate

Question 33

It a term used for translucent varieties of many different kinds of stones. * It is a micro crystalline quartz . * Translucent: Light shines through it. Backlighting a stone with even light distribution can greatly enhance the color and movement within a stone

Answer 33

Onyx

Question 34

* is considered luxurious for many reasons. in the world of stone * .....costs double or more than granite.

Answer 34

Onyx

Question 35

It’s not as practical as granite countertops. Require more care. * .....slabs have some of the most unique movement and patterning among natural stones.

Answer 35

Onyx

Question 36

Light-weight: a lighter-weight material in comparison to marble or granite slabs. Easy to install in creative applications. Most of the world’s ....is quarried into small-sized slabs making it easy to handle and fabricate

Answer 36

onyx