Streptococcus

Question 1

Oxygen Metabolism?

Answer 1

Facultative Anaerobe

Question 2

Where does it reside?

Answer 2

Mucous membranes, part of normal flora

Question 3

Virulence Factors:

Answer 3

HEMOLYSINS

Question 4

Are alpha-hemolysins pyogenic?

Answer 4

NO - beta-hemolysins are generally pyogenic

Alpha/non-hemolytic are not pyogenic

Question 5

How do you classify a streptococcus infection (2 uses)

Answer 5

Lancefield classification and type of Hemolysis

Question 6

What is the Lancefield classification based on?

Answer 6

It is based on cell wall carbohydrates

Question 7

What group DOES NOT react with lancefield?

Answer 7

Viridans Group - makes ID difficult

Question 8

S. pyrogenes - Group A Streptococcus - What hosts does it infect?

Answer 8

Humans (Scarlet fever) and Cattle (mastitis and skin infections)

Question 9

What species of Streptococcus are zoonotic?

Answer 9

S. Canis and S. Iniae

Question 10

What are the host(s) for S. canis ?

Answer 10

TYPICALLY puppies and kittens

Group G streptococcus infection

Question 11

What type of S. suis is most often seen clinical case in pigs, and most predominant isolate from humans?

Answer 11

Type 2

Question 12

T/F: S. suis affects adult/geriatric pigs?

Answer 12

False: S. suis affects weaning and growling pigs

Question 13

What species does S. iniae infect?

Answer 13

FISH

Question 14

What are the clinical signs associated with S. iniae infections?

Answer 14

Meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, epicarditis, perineuritis

Question 15

T/F: both strains of S. iniae are virulent and commensal?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

S. Porcinus causes what clinical signs in pigs?

Answer 16

Jowl Abscesses

Question 17

S. pneumonia causes what condition in guinea pigs and rodents?

Answer 17

Pneumonia

Question 18

What does S. pneumoniae cause in humans?

Answer 18

Pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis

Question 19

What animals act as carriers for S. pneumoniae?

Answer 19

Domestic Pets

Question 20

What disease does E. Equi subsp. equi cause?

Answer 20

Strangles - abscess formation in regional lymph nodes

Question 21

How to distinguish S. equi subsp. equi?

Answer 21

Group C Streptococcus; Beta-hemolytic

Marked mucoid appearance from abundant hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 22

S. equi subsp. equi causes what kind of infections?

Answer 22

Contagious Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (with abscess formation)
Mortality is low

Question 23

How is S. equi subsp. equi transmitted?

Answer 23

DIRECT CONTACT with horse shedding bacteria

INDIRECT - with contaminated environments

Question 24

Which age group is most susceptible to S. equi subsp. equi infection?

Answer 24

<2 years old (aka weaned foals/yearlings); (<4 months are protected by maternal AB’s)

Question 25

S. equi subsp. equi Virulence Factors

Answer 25

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule and M protein

Question 26

When do clinical signs for S. equi subsp. equi appear?

Answer 26

3-14 days after exposure as nasal discharge/cough (URI)

Question 27

When do you typically see lymph node abscesses with S. equi subsp. equi?

Answer 27

Wishing 2 weeks of initial signs (submandibular and retropharyngeal)

Question 28

S. equi subsp. equi complications

Answer 28

Disseminated infection (bastard strangles) Purpura hemorrhagica Guttural Pouch Empyema Guttural Pouch Chondroids

Question 29

What is Guttural Pouch Empyema?

Answer 29

Accumulation of purulent material in guttural pouch from lymphatic drainage and rupture into pouch. Secondary infection to URI

Question 30

What are Guttural Pouch Chondroids?

Answer 30

An accumulation of soft or hard "stone-like" concretions in one/or both pouches Assoc. with chronic Empyema

Question 31

Is S. equi subsp. equi a reportable disease?

Answer 31

YES - quarantine animal

Question 32

Which antibody do you test for with S. equi subsp. equi?

Answer 32

M protein

Question 33

What is the mechanism for S. equi subsp. equi killed vaccine?

Answer 33

Given IM - Used in pregnant mares/foals to maintain high levels of ANTI M PROTEIN opsonizing Ab's

Question 34

Live vaccine for S. equi subsp. equi is given through which method? IM, SubQ, or Intranasal?

Answer 34

Intranasal - stimulates mucosal immunity

Question 35

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus are all considered what type of bacteria?

Answer 35

Gram Positive Cocci