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NDDs/Stroke > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three core areas of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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2
Q

Four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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3
Q

The cerebum is divided into __ hemispheres and __ lobes

A

2 (L & R)

4 lobes

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4
Q

Which lobe is responsible for vision?

A

Occipital

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5
Q

Which lobe is responsible for sensory processing/orientation?

A

Parietal

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6
Q

Which lobe is responsible for auditory perception, memory (e.g. LTM) etc?

A

Temporal

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7
Q

Which lobe is responsible for things like judgement, personality, emotion and language production?

A

Frontal

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8
Q

The brain requires ___ of the bodies oxygen.

A

20%

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9
Q

What is the joining area of several arteries called?

A

Circle of Willis

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10
Q

What is the most common artery to get blocked?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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11
Q

What is a stroke?

A

INTERRUPTION to BLOOD SUPPLY in the brain, resulting in significant CELL DEATH

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12
Q

3 main types of stroke?

A

Ischaemic stroke
Transient ischaemic attack
Haemorrhagic stroke

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13
Q

What is an ischaemic stroke?

A

A blockage (thrombosis/embolism) in the brain, disrupting blood flow

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14
Q

What is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischaemic stroke

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15
Q

Cerebral thrombosis is a type of

A

Ischaemic stroke

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16
Q

The result of an Ischaemic stroke is general….

A

Reduction of blood supply across whole body

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17
Q

What is a transient ischaemic attack?

A
  • Temporary loss of blood supply (mini stroke)
  • Can resolve itself
  • Symptoms may last < 24 hours
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18
Q

What is a haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Bleed into the brain

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19
Q

A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a type of…

A

Haemorrhagic stroke

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20
Q

The bleeding of a haemorrhagic storke can cause…

A

Pressure and swelling

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21
Q

People with _____ are more at risk of a haemorrhagic stroke

A

Aneuryms (weakening of artery wall, creating a bulge that could rupture)

22
Q

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the left hemisphere cerebrum?

A

Weakness/paralysis in right side of body

Cognitive problems

23
Q

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the right hemisphere cerebrum?

A

Weakness/paralysis in left side

Vision/perception problems

24
Q

Symptoms of someone with a stroke in the cerebellum?

A

Balance, co-ordination

25
Q

How would you know someone had had a stroke in the brainstem?

A

Breathing, heartbeat and swallowing affected

26
Q

If someone has trouble speaking or understanding speech, this would indicate the _____ has been affected.

A

Broca’s Area/Wernicke’s Area

27
Q

Numbness may happen if stroke has affected the

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

28
Q

Why might a stroke-related headache be ignored?

A

Mistaken for a migraine

29
Q

5 stroke symptoms

A 
Numbness/weakness
Confusion 
Trouble speaking/understanding 
Dizziness/loss of co-ordination
Headache
30
Q

What is cerebral thrombosis?

A

Blockage involving an artery that SUPPLIES THE BRAIN

31
Q

What is a cerebral embolism?

A

Clot/other matter that breaks loose from a downstream site and blocks an artery in the brain/neck

32
Q

3 types of Ischaemic stroke?

A
  1. Thrombosis
  2. Embolism
  3. Systemic Hypoperfusion
33
Q

Which type of stroke should act as a red flag, or warning signal to the recipient?

A

a Transient Ischemic Attack

34
Q

Which is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischemic

35
Q

Caplan, 2006

Ischemic strokes account for __/__ of all strokes

A

4/5

36
Q

Main (1) modifiable, and (2) non-modifiable cause of Haemorrhagic strokes?

A

Age(ing blood vessels)

Hypertension

37
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhages are often caused by

A

Aneuryms

38
Q

Haemorrhages result from the rupturing of…which….

A

Small blood vessels

Tears/disconnects vital pathways

39
Q

Haemorrhagic strokes (Caplan, 2006)

The blood oozes into the brain, and forms a….

A

Localised blood collection

40
Q

Caplan, 2006

Large haemorrhages may be fatal because they…

A

Increase pressure within the skull (enclosed space, limiting exit of blood)

41
Q

Caplan, 2006

A _____ haemorrhage will result in a generalisd decrease of brain function, whereas a _______ will result in loss of function relating to area damaged

A

Subarachnoid/epidural

Intracerebral

42
Q

Caplan, 2006

Which type of haemorrhage causes the most diffuse effects?

A

Subarachnoid

43
Q

Caplan, 2006

Which type of ischemic stroke leads to more focal abnormalities?

A

A blockage: thrombosis/embolism

44
Q

Caplan, 2006

Which type of ischaemic stroke leads to more diffuse abnormalities?

A

Systemic hypoperfusion

45
Q

A CT scan can (3)

A
  1. Rule out Haemorrhage
  2. Determine severity
  3. Determine location
46
Q

Alpert (2011)

3 stages of initial stroke assessment, starting with CT?

A
  1. CT scan
  2. Classified based on etiology/location affected
  3. Classified as thrombosis or embolism, cardiac embolision or small vessel occlusion
47
Q

Is the damage permanent in a TIA?

A

No

48
Q

Difference between TIA and Ischaemic stroke? (3)

A
  1. Ischaemic stroke cannot resolve itself
  2. Ischemic stroke requires med. attention
  3. Ischemic stroke damage can grow expontentially if left untreated
49
Q

What is TPA?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator –> acitvates plasminogen naturally found in blood to break down clots

50
Q

TPA must be given within

A

3-4 hours

NDDs/Stroke (9 decks)

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