structure of blood vessels

Question 1

hemodynamics

Answer 1

study of physical laws governing blood circulation

Question 2

circulation through any vessel is influenced by

Answer 2

the content of blood and the container in which houses blood

Question 3

content of blood

Answer 3

# and type of cells and even shape of cells
-volume of water

Question 4

function of arteries

Answer 4

distribution system- pushes blood from heart to tissues

Question 5

function of capilaries

Answer 5

diffusion of nutrients and filtration ( collects waste)

Question 6

type of capillaries

Answer 6

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

Question 7

continuous capillaries

Answer 7

cells held together tightly

most common

Question 8

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 8

obvious pores that allow particles to go into ECF

-produce ultra filtrate

Question 9

discontinuous capilaries

Answer 9

no real structure
allow passage of bigger substances such at proteins, triglycerides, amino acids
least common
-common in capillaries associated with the liver or hepatocytes

Question 10

if you have ablockage in your left coronary artery what suffers?

Answer 10

the whole left side of your heart

Question 11

WBC

Answer 11

defense against pathogens

Question 12

RBC

Answer 12

oxygen conveyance

Question 13

platelets

Answer 13

clotting

Question 14

blood is ____% plasma and ___% cells and dissolved nutrients

Answer 14

55% plasma (made up of 90% water 10 % dissolved substances)

45% cells and dissolved nutrients

Question 15

Red blood cell features

Answer 15

anucleated
have no mitochondria
make atp through glycolysis (means they cant make a lot)
biconvex shape

Question 16

biconvex shape significance

Answer 16

increased surface area can carry more 02 or diffusion of gasses

Question 17

turbulence

Answer 17

development of bubbles

Question 18

blood pressure can be an indication in

Answer 18

hydration levels

Question 19

albumin

Answer 19

a protein in blood important for maintaining osmolality of blood
-helps blood hold onto its water

Question 20

fibrinogen

Answer 20

a protein in blood important for blood clotting

Question 21

arborization

Answer 21

branching of vessels (giving a lot of resistance

Question 22

from a single aorta we can have ______ capillaries!

Answer 22

4 x 10^10

Question 23

only ____% of all capillaries are open to flow at rest

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

how many miles of blood vessels

Answer 24

60,000

Question 25

we perfuse different areas of the body depending on what

Answer 25

depending on what autonomic tone we are in - parasympathetic = rest and digest - sympathetic = perfuse blood through to supply organs for fight or flight

Question 26

as we branch the radius of vessels ____

Answer 26

declines

Question 27

branching causes a drop in what

Answer 27

blood pressure

Question 28

large arteries have how much mm Hg

Answer 28

90 mm Hg

Question 29

arterioles mm Hg

Answer 29

60 mm Hg

Question 30

capillaries mm Hg

Answer 30

25 mm Hg

Question 31

venules and veins

Answer 31

15-3 mm Hg by the time you get back to the vena cava

Question 32

what is washing out the pressure?

Answer 32

the branching out | -too much pressure can damage capillary walls and cause edema

Question 33

why do we want low pressure in capillaries?

Answer 33

1. to prevent capillary wall damage 2. encourage diffusion of waste products - if the pressure is too great it makes it difficult to move with conc. gradient

Question 34

significance of pressure decreasing

Answer 34

capillary walls are thing, if you send too much pressure in the capillary the walls will leak causing edema

Question 35

general structure of blood vessels

Answer 35

1. tunica intima 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa or adventitia

Question 36

tunica intima made of

Answer 36

endothelial cells CT elastic membrane

Question 37

tunica media made of

Answer 37

smooth muscle neurons elastic fibers and membranes

Question 38

tunica externa made of

Answer 38

connective tissue | nerves

Question 39

capillaries are only ___ cell layer thick and have a ____

Answer 39

one cell layer thick and a thin membrane

Question 40

large veins have a _____ within the tunica intima

Answer 40

1-way valve

Question 41

nerve fibers control blood flow by _____ or _____ the vessel

Answer 41

constricting or diolating the vessel

Question 42

why do veins have less smooth muscle?

Answer 42

because they don't have as much pressure associated with them

Question 43

vasoconstriction

Answer 43

smooth muscle cells contract occluding or closing of the lumen

Question 44

vasodilation

Answer 44

widening of lumen | increased blood flow given by the activity of smooth muscles cells

Question 45

atherosclerosis

Answer 45

a lot of fat in the blood accumulating at first just pushing walls not affecting the lumen but over time starts to close off the lumen