Study Guide for Science

Question 0

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism

Answer 0

cell

Question 1

living things are

Answer 1

organisms

Question 2

they are single-celled organisms, like bacteria

Answer 2

unicellular organisms

Question 3

they are organisms that are composed of many cells

Answer 3

multicellular organisms

Question 4

The cells of living things are made of chemicals

Answer 4

The Chemicals of Life

Question 5

Organisms get ________ from taking in and breaking down materials

Answer 5

energy

Question 6

this is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Answer 6

metabolism

Question 7

The cells of organisms use _______to do what living things must do, such as ______ and _______ injured parts

Answer 7

energy, grow, repair

Question 8

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

Answer 8

stimulus

Question 9

An organism reacts to a stimulus with a _________- an action or a change in behavior

Answer 9

response

Question 10

the process of becoming larger

Answer 10

Growth

Question 11

this is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life, producing a more complex organism

Answer 11

Development

Question 12

this involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

Answer 12

Asexual reproduction

Question 13

This involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents

Answer 13

Sexual reproduction

Question 14

living things arise from other living things through ____________

Answer 14

reproduction

Question 15

the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources is called

Answer 15

spontaneous generation

Question 16

In a ___________ ___________ a scientist carries out a series of tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor

Answer 16

controlled experiment

Question 17

organisms need a source of energy to live, they use __________ as their energy source

Answer 17

food

Question 18

organisms that make their own food are called

Answer 18

autotrophs

Question 19

organisms that cannot make their own food are called

Answer 19

heterotrophs

Question 20

organisms need ________ to obtain chemicals from their surroundings, break down food, grow, move substances within their bodies, and reproduce

Answer 20

water

Question 21

a place to get food and water and find shelter

Answer 21

living space

Question 22

organisms must be able to keep the conditions inside their bodies stable, even when conditions in their surroundings change significantly

Answer 22

stable internal conditions

Question 23

the maintenance of stable internal conditions is called

Answer 23

homeostasis

Question 24

this is the process of grouping things based on their similarities

Answer 24

classification

Question 25

Biologists use ________________ to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study

Answer 25

classification

Question 26

the scientific study of how organisms are classified is called

Answer 26

taxonomy

Question 27

each organism was given a two parted name . this system is called

Answer 27

binomial nomenclature

Question 28

the first word in an organisms scientific name is its

Answer 28

Genus

Question 29

a __________ is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms

Answer 29

Genus

Question 30

a _________ is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce

Answer 30

species

Question 31

the scientific name is written in _______

Answer 31

italics

Question 32

____________ _______________ makes it easy for scientists to communicate about an organism because everyone uses the same scientific name for the same organism

Answer 32

Binomial nomenclature

Question 33

A ________ is the broadest level of organization. within a domain there are _________. Within Kingdoms there are __________. Within phyla are _________. Within classes are __________. Within orders there are____________. Each family contains one or more ________. Finally each genus contains one or more _________.

Answer 33

Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Classes, orders, family, genus, species

Question 34

They are unicellular organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.

Answer 34

prokaryotes

Question 35

this is a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids- the chemical instructions that direct the cell's activities

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

What are the 3 Domains of Life

Answer 36

Bacteria, Achaea, and Eukarya

Question 37

What are the 4 kingdoms of Eukarya

Answer 37

protist, fungi, animals, and plants

Question 38

Organisms in the Domain Eukarya are called. they ar eorganisms thta contain nuclei

Answer 38

eukaryotes

Question 39

Protists

Answer 39

- A protists is any eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as a fungus, plant, or animal. - because its members are so different from one another, the protist kingdom is sometimes called the "odds and ends" kingdom - some protists are autotrophs while others are heterotrophs - most protists are unicellular but some are multicellular such as seaweed

Question 40

Fungi

Answer 40

- Ex. mushrooms, molds, and mildew - the majority of fungi are multicellular eukaryotes, a few such as yeast are unicellular eukaryotes - they are found almost everywhere on land, only a few live in fresh water - All fungi are heterotrophs - most fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms

Question 41

Plants

Answer 41

- Ex. Dandelions, peas, and marsh grass - they are all multicellular eukaryotes, and most live on land - they are autotrophs that make their own food - they provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land - the plant kingdom includes a great variety of organisms - Some plants produce flowers and some do not - some plants are tall some are small

Question 42

Animals

Answer 42

-Ex. dogs, cats, birds, -all animals are multicellular eukaryotes -all animals are heterotrophs -animals locate food, capture it, eat it, and digest it -members of the animal kingdom live in diverse places on earth - -