Study Guide Questions Exam 1 Flashcards
(101 cards)
Which mammals do no have seven cervical vertebrae?
two toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth
Differences in the number and morphology of vertebrae within the population based on age or developmental variation is identified as which type of variation?
ontogenetic variation
Which variations account for the disparity in number and morphology of vertebrae within the population?
gender variation or sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic variation, geographic or population based variation, and idiosyncratic variation
What is the length of a typical male spinal column?
about 70 centimeters or 28 inches
What is the length of the male cervical region (both measurements)?
about 12 cm or 5 in
What is the length of the male thoracic region (both measurements)?
about 28 cm or 11 in
Based on the numbers for individual regions of the vertebral column, what is the length of the male spine (both measurements)?
about 58 cm or 23 in
Distinguish between motion and locomotion
motion is movement without travel; locomotion is movement to a new site/location
What organ(s) are specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull?
The eye and the vestibular apparatus to the inner ear
What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?
cervical=rectangular
Thoracic= triangular
lumbar=reniform
What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?
superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate
What are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at eh superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body?
ages 7-9 years, appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
age 12 years, formation of the epiphyseal ring
age 15 years, formation of the epiphyseal rim
What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?
cervical=posterolateral
thoracic=posterior, slight lateral
lumbar=posterior
What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?
para-articular process
What is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on X-ray?
shingling
What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine?
cervical-articular pillar
thoracic and lumbar-pars interarticularis
What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?
cervical=anterolateral
thoracic=posterolateral
lumbar=lateral
What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?
cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position
What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?
the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward
What is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple?
The zygapophysis
What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervetebral foramen?
The inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/ pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum
What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervetebral foramen?
The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure
What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?
The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervetebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament
What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?
imbrication