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Forensic Science > Study Guide Unit 2 > Flashcards

Study Guide Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ultimate goal of CS investigations

A

To recognize, document and collect evidence

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2
Q

The case number

A

yearcase# 120111401= dec, 01,2014

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3
Q

The evidence inventory number

A

case number- evidence#_201401-01, 201401-02

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4
Q

Warrantless search

A

Warrantless- Existence of emergency circumstances, need to present immediate loss or destruction of evidence search of person/property made incident to lawful arrest, search made by consent of involved parties, plain view doctrine, circumstances defined by Supreme Court

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5
Q

Amendment 4

A

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

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6
Q

Coroner

A

an elected official who usually has no special medical training. In four states, the coroner is a medical doctor.

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7
Q

What does a coroner do?

A

Certifies cause of death

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8
Q

Medical examiner

A

A medical doctor (usually a pathologist) appointed by the governing body of the area

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9
Q

Medical examiner system first step

A

Identify the deceased

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10
Q

Medical examiner system second step

A

Establish the time and date

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11
Q

Medical examiner system third step

A

Determine a medical cause of death (the injury or disease that resulted in the person dying)

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12
Q

Medical examiner system fourth step

A

Determine the mechanism of death (the physiological reason the person died)

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13
Q

Medical examiner system fifth step

A

Classify the manner of death (natural, accidental, suicide, homicide undetermined)

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14
Q

Medical examiner system sixth step

A

Notify the next of kin

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15
Q

Circumstantial evidence

A

Indirect physical or biological evidence that can link a person to a crime, but don’t directly prove guilt

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16
Q

Direct evidence

A

Firsthand observations. Ex, eyewitness accounts, video, etc.

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17
Q

Trace evidence

A

When objects make contact and material is transferred

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18
Q

What is the first 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Securing the Scene

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19
Q

What is the second 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Speak and question the witnesses

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20
Q

What is the third 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Scanning the scene

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21
Q

What is the fourth 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Seeing the Scene

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22
Q

What is the fifth 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Sketching the Scene

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23
Q

What is the sixth 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Searching for Evidence

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24
Q

What is the seventh 7 “S” of crime scene investigation?

A

Securing and Collecting Evidence

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25
Line/Strip
best in large, outdoor scenes
26
Grid
Basically a double-line search: effective but time-consuming
27
Zone
most effective in houses or buildings: teams are assigned small zones for searching
28
Spiral
May move inward or outward: best used when there are no physical barriers
29
Final sketch items requirements
Looks prettier: to scale, use a ruler, pencil only, all major furniture/items included, scale of room, lengths of items, including wall lengths, legend/key: names of furniture, evidence, symbols denoting evidence level: floor horizontal, Key: type of crime, location, sketch artists names, case number, compass indicating north, coordinates
30
Step 1 of sketching a crime scene
Observe and Plan
31
Step 2 of sketching a crime scene
Measure distance
32
Step 3 of sketching a crime scene
Outline the area
33
Step 4 of sketching a crime scene
Locate and plot objects and evidence within the outline
34
Step 5 of sketching a crime scene
Record details
35
Step 6 of sketching a crime scene
Make notes
36
Step 7 of sketching a crime scene
Identify the sketch with a legend and a scale
37
Rules of photography #1
DO NOT disturb the scene
38
Rules of photography #2
complete set of pictures
39
Rules of photography #3
record all data
40
Types of photo lighting
Natural light: back, side and front lighting
41
The ranges of photographs
Overview, midrange, close up
42
How angles affect photos
relationships of size and distance may be distorted by the wrong viewpoint
43
Qualities of good crime scene photos
Sharp, focused, properly exposed, framed properly, have proper lighting
44
Testimonial evidence
statement made under oath
45
Physical evidence
any object or material that is relevant in a crime
46
Individual evidence
can be identified with a particular person or a single source
47
Class evidence
common to a group of objects or persons, relies on statistics
48
Known sample
a sample that's origin is known, goes by (K)
49
Questioned sample
a sample that's origin is unknown, goes by (Q)
50
Transient evidence
Temporary, easily changed or lost
51
Conditional evidence
produced by a specific event or action, indirect evidence
52
Associative evidence
something that may associate a victim or suspect with a scene or with each other
53
Pattern evidence
produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between two objects
54
Transfer evidence
produced by contact between person(s) and objects or between person(s) and person(s), transferred materials
55
Storage of liquids and arson
remains stored in airtight, unbreakable containers
56
Storage of biological evidence
placed in a breathable containers to dry- after drying biological transferred to a paper bindle, sealed in a bag
57
Chain of custody
Legal considerations, search and removal of evidence must be done according to 4th amendment
58
Comparison analysis
subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining whether or not they have a common origin
59
Chemical analysis
useful to interpret the effects and quantify the concentration of the chemicals present, assessing the quantity of different elements in the substance
60
Visual analysis
the practice of pulling together various facts and circumstances about a crime or a potential criminal situation in order to develop a picture of who the perpetrator or suspect might be
61
Microscopic analysis
the identification of trace evidence such as fragments, fibers, hairs, fingerprints which are left the crime scene, on a victim or suspect
62
What factors affect the reliability of an eye witness?
Nature of the offense and the situation in which the crime is observed, characteristics of the witness, manner in which the information is retrieved, witness' prior relationship with the accused, length of time between the offense and the identification or failure to identify the defendant, any prior identification of a person other than the defendant by the eyewitness
63
What is the first step in forensic investigation?
Recognition of evidence
64
What is the second step in forensic investigation?
Preservation of evidence
65
What is the third step in forensic investigation?
Identification of evidence
66
What is the fourth step in forensic investigation?
Comparison of evidence
67
What is the fifth step in forensic investigation?
Individualization of evidence
68
What is the sixth step in forensic investigation?
Interpretation of evidence
69
What is the seventh step in forensic investigation?
Reconstruction of the crime

Forensic Science (8 decks)

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