STUDY STUDY STUDY Flashcards
1
Q
Floral arrangements designed with visual paths along which the eye is led from one point of interest to another are called __________.
A
line arrangements
2
Q
A snapdragon is also known as a _________.
A
Antirrhinum majus
3
Q
Tissue-cultured plantlets require special attention during the acclimation process from the laboratory to the greenhouse in order to avoid __________ and ensure crop __________.
A
losses, uniformity
4
Q
Consumers encounter Alstroemeria frequently in the retail marketplace, as it is one of the World’s top _____ cut flowers.
A
10
5
Q
A physiological disorder of geraniums caused by high moisture levels in the root media is __________.
A
oedema
6
Q
Orchids are distinguished from other flowers by a structure called the sepal.
A
false
7
Q
The single most important aspect of perennial gardening is ____________________.
A
timing the bloom
8
Q
There are two different purposes for using artificial lighting. First, lamps can be used to provide additional light to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. This is termed __________ lighting. Second, lamps can be used to alter the photoperiod perceived by the plants. This is termed __________ lighting.
A
Supplemental, photoperiodic
9
Q
Dianthus caryophyllus is the genus and species for which flower?
A
Carnation
10
Q
If the pH of the growing medium is too low, the quickest remedy is the injection of acids into the irrigation system.
A
false
11
Q
There is an abbreviation for the mathematical differences between the day temperature and the night temperatures. Identify that abbreviation.
A
DIF
12
Q
For vertical color, whether it is in the garden, a cut flower bouquet or an arrangement, you can’t beat Antirrhinum majus.
A
true
13
Q
Alstroemeria hybrids are also known as ____________________.
A
Princess lily
14
Q
Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from late spring to early fall to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse.
A
true
15
Q
The conductive tissue in the stem that transports water and minerals from roots to the leaves is called the __________.
A
xylem
16
Q
The term texture as it applies to plants includes such adjectives as __________, __________, and __________.
A
fine, medium, bold
17
Q
Shape is two dimensional, while form is ____________________.
A
Three dimensional
18
Q
When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
A
Auxin, hormone, apical
19
Q
The most commonly used growth retardant is __________.
A
Cycocel
20
Q
Many crops today are offered as tissue-cultured plantlets, stage 2 or 3. This form of vegetative propagation offers many advantages to growers, primarily in that plants grown from tissue are __________ and __________.
A
Disease free, quick growing
21
Q
Zantedeschia rehmannii, Z. elliotoana, Z. hybrids also known as __________.
A
calla lily
22
Q
Place cut Antirrhinum majus stems vertically as soon as possible after harvest; stems placed horizontally may begin to bend upward in as little as __________.
A
30 minutes
23
Q
Evaporative __________ __________ help to offset the heat load caused by __________ light, thus effective greenhouse cooling allows the grower to provide __________ light levels before heat stress is problematic.
A
cooling pads, high, higher
24
Q
__________ __________, identified by yellowing or interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, is the primary problem for plants growing in a __________ pH medium.
A
Iron deficiency, high
25
Limited induction photoperiod is a __________ technique for controlling elongation of long-day herbaceous perennials.
Non-chemical
26
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consists of __________ and __________.
Simplicity, contemplation
27
The principal of total compatibility of all parts of an arrangement with each other is termed __________.
rhythm
28
The most popular orchid potting material is __________.
fir bark
29
The arrangement of flowers referred to as a "Full Couch Spray" is used for _________________________.
top of closed casket
30
Day length is shortest on __________ and increases until __________; thereafter, it decreases.
December 21, June 21
31
These summer-blooming perennials produce dense, bristy balls of blue color:
Global thistle
32
All but one of the following is easily suitable for pressing. Which one is not suitable?
daffodil
33
There are certain soil requirements for building a terrarium. Too much soil looks heavy, while too little soil will not hold the root system. In general, what is the correct amount of soil in relation to the height of the container?
25%
34
Alstroemeria produce two types of shoots __________ and __________.
flowering, vegitative
35
An orchid having a horizontal stem from which numerous shoots arise is called _______________.
Sympodial
36
Snapdragons should be stored and shipped __________ at all times to prevent __________ of the spikes. Snapdragons can be stored for _____ to _____ days, dry or in water, at 40 F (4 C).
Upright, curvature, 3,4
37
Most Callas sold today from the United States are __________ year old true seed hybrids.
two
38
Treated seed virtually __________ viral, fungal, and bacterial disease at the time of planting, greatly __________ disease in professional grower products.
Eliminates, reducing
39
Seed-grown tubers generally produce __________ eyes, which means plants will have a __________ number of flowers and leaf sprouts.
more, higher
40
Natural photoperiods vary during the year and by __________.
latitude
41
By understanding the critical photoperiod for lower induction, growers can manipulate photoperiods to make plants either __________ or __________.
vegetative, reproductive
42
Powdery mildew is a water mold in the same calss of fungi as Pythium and Phytophthora, which produces its characteristic symptoms on lear undersides.
false
43
Botrytis blight is also known as __________.
tulip fire
44
There are two main types of symptoms observed with Botrytis blight, __________ or __________ leaf spots.
nonaggressive, aggressive
45
The colonial bouquet is a __________ bouquet that is popular for both __________ and __________.
round, bridges, bridesmaids
46
The crescent bouquet is one variation of the cascade bouquet that is designed in a _____ shape. The cascade style is a beautiful design for elegant of formal weddings.
C
47
Sympathy flowers are important to __________ the deceased and __________ the living.
Honor, comfort
48
A grouping of different types of plants potted in the same container is known as a __________ __________.
Dish garden
49
The foundation for a casket spray is a __________ __________.
Casket saddle
50
A __________ __________ is an organized business tool to state the business' purpose and goals and estimate the financing needed to fund the new florist.
Business plan
51
Floriculture production in the United States is valued at about $__________ at farm gate.
4.7 billion
52
The leading floriculture production states are __________, __________, and __________.
California, Florida, Texas
53
Florida floriculture crop production is valued at $__________.
765 million
54
True or False. Watering greenhouse plants is one of the easiest jobs faced by growers.
False
55
When should plants be watered?
Just before wilting or water stress occurs
56
Perched water table means that the container has __________ at the bottom of the container right after watering, when drainage has occurred.
Free-water
57
This is __________ because it is not held by the root medium.
Free-water
58
_____ factors need to be considered to achieve a successful fertility program.
Five
59
When certain elements are provided in excess to plants, uptake of other nutrients may be hindered. One example of a mineral antagonism is the ____________________ interaction; a 1:1 ratio is recommended for most floriculture crops.
Nitrogen-potassium
60
The optimum pH range for most crops growing in a soilless medium is __________.
5.8-6.4
61
American floriculture crops are considered to be __________ quality if they are well branched and __________, with multiple flowers that open __________.
High, full, simultaneously
62
True or false. Pinching artificially accelerates a plant's branching and growers commonly use three types of pinched plants.
true
63
The process of pinching a plant removes the __________ factory and eliminates the __________ concentration of the __________ hormone from the upper portion of the plant.
Auxin, hormone, inhibitory
64
When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
Auxin, hormone, apical
65
A time tested rule is to pinch when roots are ____________________ and __________ of the __________ after removing the plant from its pot.
Visible at the sides, bottom, medium
|
66
_______________ growers first began growing their rose plants using bent stems in the 1980's.
Japanese
67
Rose plants used for the bent stem technique are started as __________ node cuttings, which are rooted and grown frequently in _____ _____ _____.
Single, rock wool cubes
68
Cut roses are divided into hybrid teas, spray roses, and __________.
sweetheart
69
There are less than __________ dozen rose breeders specializing in commercial cut flower varieties.
2
70
Roses generally are graded according to __________ of stem
length
71
The greenhouse comes "alive" only after its __________, or __________, is applied. A glazing's primary purpose is to allow __________ into the greenhouse while allowing the grower to manipulate the environment __________ the greenhouse.
Glazing, cover, light, inside
72
There is/are _____ type(s) of growing floors.
5: natural soil, sand and gravel floors, ground cloth, porous concrete, concrete
73
The __________ component of watering is the easy part because the scientific principals can be taught and learned. The __________ of watering is extremely difficult to teach. It is determining when plants need to be watered and then applying water properly.
Science, art
74
While it costs __________ to produce pinched plants in terms of __________ and __________, the __________ quality is achieved with pinched plants in terms of size, fullness and flower performance.
More, labor, time, highest
|
75
True or false. Flower arranging differs from other arts in that it has its own media (arrangers grow their own materials).
True
76
The Japanese confine their displays of flower arrangements to specific areas as a matter of __________ and __________.
Ritual, custom
77
The Chinese method of handling flowers is founded on __________, preservation of life, and appreciation of __________.
Symbolism, beauty
78
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consists of __________ and __________.
Simplicity, contemplation
79
True or false. A few flowers in a vase can describe the whole life history of a plant, as well as display the beauty of a perfect bloom.
True
80
A creative art form using space along with line, form, color, and texture to create the floral arrangements by using plant material and other components.
Abstract design
81
Two or three colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
Analogous color harmony
82
Two sides of a vertical axis in an arrangement that are different in composition but equal in visual weight.
Asymmetrical balance
83
A circle of greens decorated with fruits, nuts, cones, seed pods, or berries typical of the Renaissance period.
Della Robbia Wreath
84
The art of placing floral material in a container in a pleasing manner following various artistic principles.
Flower arranging
85
Bringing plants into bloom at a time other than normal in nature
Forcing
86
A circle of small flowers arranged around one central flower similar to a nosegay.
Tussy Mussy
87
A new concept in creative art form free from conventional ideas and patterns, nongeometric.
Free-form design
88
An all around arrangement to be viewed from all sides.
Free standing
89
Tints, tones, and shades of one hue.
Monochromatic color harmony
90
A tight hand bouquet of fragrant flowers.
Nosegay
91
A container of unusual form or shape such as a heart, animal, etc...
Novelty
92
Probably the most influential factor in advancing flower arrangement in this country has been the ____________________.
National Council of State Garden Clubs
93
The American Style of flower arrangement stresses clear cut designs, __________, __________, and __________ of expression.
Plant forms, originality, freedom
94
In any style of flower arranging, past or present, American, European, or Oriental, there are __________ to be considered: ______________________________.
6 design elements; line, form, space, texture, color, and harmony
95
There are __________ of design. All the __________ of design should be present in every good arrangement, but their relative importance will vary. They are ______________________________.
7 principles; principles; balance, scale, rhythm, repetition, unity, focus, and harmony
96
True or false. Various colors will produce different emotional and psychological effects.
True
97
Violets and purples give a __________ sometimes __________.
Spiritual feeling, sad
98
Tints of various hues will normally be __________, while tones tend to give a __________ effect.
Uplifting, soothing
99
__________ can either be warm or cool; it takes on the feelings of the colors with which it is associated.
White
100
The Easter Lily crop is difficult to grow because..........
Easter falls on a different date each year
101
Plants convert chemical energy into light energy which results in plant growth.
False
102
Wavelengths are measured in __________ with specific wavelengths corresponding to specific __________.
Nanometer, color
103
Photoperiodism is a phytochrome-mediated response.
True
104
Modern __________ cultivars come in an astonishing variety of colors, color combinations and petal styles (spoon, quill, and flat).
Chrysanthemum (daisy)
105
Dahlias are native to the mountains of __________.
Mexico
106
Growth is best for Helianthus annus L. between _______________ and __________ sun is always preferred.
65 to 75 F, full
107
__________ is an example of a species that is commercially cultivated.
Exacum affine
108
When spores germinate, they form a small __________ leaf like structure known as the prothallus
Green
|
109
_________ is any method of breaking through hard, water-impermeable seed coats to allow water to penetrate.
Scarification
110
Disadvantages to pregermination are limited shelf life of _______________, limited selection, and limited cost.
4 to 5 weeks
111
Floral supply companies focus their inventories on hard goods and tools but primarily on fresh flowers and foliage.
False
112
__________ were historically the first people to use flowers for decorative purposes.
Egyptians
113
The strewing of flowers and loose petals at banquets and festivals was typical of the _______________ period.
Greek and Roman
114
The _______________ period is considered the beginning of flower arranging as it is known today.
Italian Renaissance
115
The point at which the plant is receiving as much light energy as it can use is the _______________ point.
Light saturation
116
The Euphorbia pulcherrima a __________ day plant, is induced to flower by providing __________ nights and __________ days.
Short, long, short
117
The floral industry is an international, multitrillion dollar industry.
False
118
The floral design of the __________ influence emphasizes careful and significant placement of every flower, branch, or leaf.
Japanese
119
Consumers encounter Alstroemeria frequently in the retail marketplace, as it is one of the world's top __________ cut flowers.
Ten
120
The Antirrhinum majus is also known as the __________.
Snapdragon
121
Alstroemeria hybrids are also knjown as the __________.
Princess Lily
122
Zantedeschia rehmannii, Z. elliotiana, Z. hybrids also known as __________.
Calla Lily
123
Iron deficiency, identified by blackening or interval chlorosis of young leaves, is the primary problem for plants growing in a low pH medium.
False
124
Seed-grown tubers generally produce __________ eyes, which means plants will have a __________ number of flowers and leaf sprouts
More, higher
125
Most Callas sold today from the United States are three year old true seed hybrids.
False
126
Floriculture is defined literally as "_________________________" but includes florist shops, flower retailers, wholesale florists, production greenhouses and floral supply companies.
Culture of flowers
127
_______________ provides even faster seedling production than other hydration methods and results in 100% usable seedlings
Pregermination
128
The _______________ point is the light intensity at which the plant is receiving as much light energy from the light during photosynthesis as it is during respiration.
Light compensation
129
Although general plant growth usually requires light with all wavelengths, __________ and __________ wavelengths result in the greatest plant growth response.
Red (700), blue (470)
130
The Italian Renaissance was significant during the _______________ centuries.
15th and 16th
131
The placement of three main flowers or branches signifies __________, __________, and __________.
Heaven, man, earth
132
Place cut Antirrhinum majus stems vertically as soon as possible after harvest; stems placed horizontally may begin to bend upward in as little as __________.
30 minutes
133
When the source of __________ is removed, the concentration of the __________ drops quickly, thereby releasing lateral branches from __________ dominance and allowing them to develop.
Auxin, hormone, apical
134
_______________ is similar to seed hydration except the process is allowed to progress further until the seed coat splits and the radical becomes visible.
Pregermination
135
_____________ is a technique used by seed suppliers to imbibe the seed and begin germination, but then stop the process before the radical (root) emerges.
Seed hydration
136
Stratification is the application of a moist chilling treatment of 32 to 50 F (0 to 10 C) to seeds.
True
137
The __________ fuzzy fungal growth of Botrytis blight often begins with injured or necrotic areas and then infects healthy tissue.
Gray
138
Measuring light requires the use of _____ factor(s).
3
139
Light has _____ function(s) in plant growth.
Two
140
Helianthus annus L. is the most commonly grown __________ species.
Sunflowers
141
Dianthus caryophyllus is a native of the _______________ area, originally flowering only in the early spring.
Mediterranean
142
Dahlias flower morphology is complex and flower size varies from larger than __________ to less than __________ in diameter.
8.25 in., 4 in.
143
Plants grown under light high in _____ wavelengths will be short, dark green, and well branched.
Red
144
Sunflowers require low nutritional levels.
False
145
Treated seed virtually __________ viral, fungal, and bacterial disease at the time of planting, greatly __________ disease in professional grower products.
Eliminates, reducing
146
There are two different purposes for using artificial lighting. First, lamps can be used to provide additional light to increase photosynthesis and plant growth. This is termed __________ lighting. Second, lamps can be used to alter the photoperiod perceived by the plants. This is termed __________ lighting.
Supplemental, photoperiodic
147
Many growers apply a shading compound or shade cloth from _______________ to _______________ to reduce heat stress that results from high light levels entering the greenhouse.
Late spring, early fall
148
Alstroemeria produce two types of shoots: __________ and __________.
Flowering, vegetative
149
Botrytis blight is also known as __________.
Tulip fire
150
Sympathy flowers are important to __________ the deceased and __________ the living.
Honor, comfort
151
All foliage plants must be __________ prior to installing in an interior area.
Acclimated
152
Three types of designs found in American flower arranging are line-mass, mastoid and lunar.
False
153
The most influential and important person in all the ancient arts of China was __________.
Hsieh Ho
154
Confucius taught that real enjoyment consists of __________ and __________.
Simplicity, contemplation
155
Good mineral or garden soils have about _____ percent of pore space.
50
156
True bulbs are classified as tunicate or non-tunicate.
True
157
Bird-of-Paradise is a common name, what is the Genus-Species?
Strelizia reginae
158
The Easter Lily crop is difficult to grow because..........?
Easter falls on a different date each year
159
The Retail Florist business has been in existence for over _____ years.
100
160
The width of an arrangement is less than __________ the height, except in a horizontal (centerpiece) design.
Twice
161
Odd numbers should be used in arrangements when fewer than _____ flowers of one kind are used.
10
162
__________ is a term used to describe the practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers.
Forcing
163
Green plants do not have the ability to produce their own food.
False
164
A tunicate bulb has a dry, papery covering called a __________.
Tunic
165
Humans breathe _____ and release _____. Plants use _____ and release _____.
O2, CO2, CO2, O2
166
Foliage plants are __________ and __________ plants, either woody or herbaceous(non-woody), that are successfully grown indoors.
Tropical, subtropical
167
__________ is the art and science of selecting, placing and maintaining plants to improve and enhance the appearance of the indoor environment
Interiorscaping
168
__________ is the unit of illumination that equals the light of one candle at a distance of one foot.
Foot-candle
169
Double potting is the act of placing a pot next to an identical pot with the same plant and displaying the two pots together.
False
170
The interpretation of Chinese flower arrangements deal with three important principles: the art of contemplation as practiced by Confucius, the principle of the preservation of life as taught by Buddhism, and the floral symbolism which has developed as a form of folklore.
true
171
The Oriental country best known for its floral art is __________.
Japan
172
__________ is a greenhouse designed for the display of plants.
Conservatory
173
The importance of the growing medium rests with four basic functions, they are as follows; holds water for plant use, provides nutrients for the plant, permits the exchange of gases of gases to and from the plant roots, and provides __________ for the plant
Support
174
__________ capacity is the measure of a medium's capacity to hold nutrients.
Cation exchange
175
Organic media used in greenhouses have between _____ and _____ percent pore space.
75 and 85
176
Lilies are _________ bulbs.
Non-tunicate
177
Easter is the first Sunday following a full moon after March 21; therefore, growers must schedule their crops for the Easter Lily different each year.
True
178
The Genus-species, Erica sp has a common name of __________.
Heather
179
An arrangement should be _____ to _____ times the height of a tall container or the length of an elongated container.
1 1/2 to 2
180
To acclimate a plant, the grower moves the plant from the lower light (not full sun) growing area to progressively __________ levels before shipping to an interiorscaper.
Lower light
181
_____ deals with the relative size among objects or parts of objects.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
B. (Could be Visual Balance, Proportion, or Scale. I think it's Scale)
182
____ the ratio used by the Greek's and the Japanese tradition used to attain a pleasing proportion between the plant and the container.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
D. (Could be Asymmetrical Balance, Visual Weight, or Golden Mean. I think it's Golden Mean)
183
____ is the physical or visual stability of a floral design.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
C. (Could be Balance, Physical Balance, or Symmetrical Balance. I think it's Balance)
184
_____ occurs when both sides of the design have or seem to have the same physical weight.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
C. (Could be Balance, Physical Balance, or Symmetrical Balance. I think it's Symmetrical Balance)
185
_____ occurs when the plant material and the manner of placement are different on each side of the central vertical axis; however, the arrangement must appear to be in balance.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
D. (Could be Asymmetrical Balance, Visual Weight, or Golden Mean. I think it's Asymmetrical Balance)
186
_____ is the pleasing relationship in size and shape among objects or parts of objects.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
B. (Could be Visual Balance, Proportion, or Scale. I think it's Proportion)
187
_____ is the actual stability of plant materials within the container.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
C. (Could be Balance, Physical Balance, or Symmetrical Balance. I think it's Physical Balance)
188
___ refers to the perception of an arrangement being in balance or being equal in weight on both sides of the central axis.
*Confusing part with multiple answers for each letter.
B. (Could be Visual Balance, Proportion, or Scale. I think it's Visual Balance)
189
Daylily _____
A. 1 day
190
Chrysanthemums _____
A. 14-21 days
191
Tulips, Daffodils _____
B. 3-5 days
192
Carnations _____
D. 10-14 days
193
Snapdragons _____
C. 5-7 days
194
Dutch Iris _____
B. 3-5 days
195
Roses _____
C. 5-7 days
196
__________ is best achieved when the design is arranged from back of the container towards the front. This gives the arrangement a feeling of __________ and __________.
Balance, visual depth, support
197
The hook method of wiring for floral arrangements is used for ____________________.
Flat headed flowers
198
What is the purpose of "pinching" plants?
Pinching helps the plants to become more bushy
199
equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 12 H20 light/chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
200
equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O ---> 12 H2O + 6 CO2 + Energy
