Substance Abuse Flashcards
(27 cards)
Sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics examples
Benzodiazepines and barbiturates
Substance abuse is DSM #?
V
Examples of inhalants
Glue, gasoline, white out
Delirium or DT timeframe and S/S
- happens in 48-72 hrs of last drink
- tachycardia, diaphoresis, elevated BP, hallucinations, delusions, insomnia –> MI, lyte imb, PNA, CV collapse, suicide
Tx for delirium or DTs
- benzodiazepines
- correct lyte imb and dehydration
Alcohol withdrawal S/S
Anxiety, anorexia, insomnia, tremor,
3 Ts– tremor, temp, tachycardia
Can have grand mal sz, esp w/ hx
Campral (acamprosate) given for…
Decreases cravings for ETOH
- not as irritable
- SE: diarrhea
Revia (naltrexone) used for…
Prevention of relapse
Blocks opioid receptors– decreasing euphoria when drinking; reduces craving
Antabuse(disulfram) used for…
Prevention of relapse
- feel sick when you drink
- do not take w/ food that contains ETOH or OTC cough syrups
- must be able to understand teaching in regards to med
- for highly motivated ppl
Disulfiram reaction
Due to increased acetaldehyde after ingestion of ETOH
-sweating, flushing, headache, n/v, tremors, tachycardia,
Amphetamine OD tx w/?
Antipsychotic med for hyperpyrexia, convulsions, and shock
Components of CIWA
- N/V
- Anxiety
- Paroxysmal sweats
- tactile disturbances
- visual disturbances
- tremors
- agitation
- orientation & clouding
- auditory DisturbAnces
- headache
Effects of Substance abuse w/ cocaine
- damage to teeth from grinding
- decreased perfusion from vasoconstriction
- risk for MI
- sz: give benzodiazepine
Acute intoxication from cocaine
Short-acrid barbiturate
Paranoia from cocaine
Antipsychotic
Depression from cocaine
SSRI
Schizophrenia vs hallucinogen
Hallucinogen users report semis thesis– “I can taste music”
OD on hallucinogen
For sz- give ammonia cl- (helps clear drug from system through kidneys)
-give Valium or haldol to calm pt
LSD
Very potent, measured in micrograms
-can store in fat cells and be released at a later time
OD on ecstasy
Benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, cardiac monitoring, ice baths for hyperthermia
OD on PCP
- haldol or resperidal for psychotic behavior
- ca channel blockers for PCP-induced vasospasm
Heroin addiction tx
- most difficult to treat
- harm reduction- needle exchange, methadone maintenance
Opiate OD
- risk for resp depression
- narcan
Opiate withdrawal tx
Methadone
- buprenorphine substitution(suboxone)
- contains naltrexone
- reduces high of opioids
- contains naltrexone
