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My cards > SUGER 1 - Inguinal Canal & External Genitalia > Flashcards

SUGER 1 - Inguinal Canal & External Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Where and what is the inguinal canal?

A
  • located above the inguinal ligament

- oblique passage through the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

Where does the inguinal canal start and end?

A

START: deep inguinal ring (hole in tranversalis fascia)
END: superficial inguinal ring (hole in external oblique aponeurosis)

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3
Q

Where is the superficial ring in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

above and medial to pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What does the inguinal canal contain in males? In females?

A

M: spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
F: round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

white fibrous tissue - thin sheet-like tendon

  • can bind muscles together
  • can connect bone to muscle
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6
Q

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis form what?

A

the conjoint tendon

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7
Q

Where is the conjoint tendon and where does it insert into?

A
  • found behind superficial inguinal ring

- insets into pubic crest

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8
Q

What forms the roof and the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

ROOF: internal oblique, transversalis fascia
FLOOR: inguinal ligament

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9
Q

Clinical significance of inguinal canal?

A

common site for HERNIAS as it is a potential site of weakness

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10
Q

What lies over the spermatic cord?

A

Ex. ob aponeurosis and in. ob fibres

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11
Q

Where do the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves arise from?

A

L1

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12
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve innervate?

A

MALE: skin of root of penis and scrotum
FEMALE: mons pubis and labia majora

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13
Q

Sensory and motor innervation of iliohypogastric nerve

A

S: skin over lateral gluteal region and above pubis
M: internal and transverse abdominal muscles

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14
Q

Lumbar plexus arises from…

A

T12-L5

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15
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the cremaster muscle?

A

O: inguinal ligament
I: tunica vaginalis
A: raise and lower the scrotum

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16
Q

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of? What does it anastomose with and where?

A

Branch of external iliac artery

- anastomoses with superior epigastric artery at umbilicus

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17
Q

Superior epigastric artery

A

supplies anterior abdominal wall and some of diaphragm

  • cremasteric branch - supplies coverings of spermatic cord
  • pubic branch
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18
Q

What is a hernia?

A

intestine/peritoneum pushes through the inguinal canal

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19
Q

Explain the 2 types of hernia

A

INDIRECT: comes through deep inguinal ring - right through the inguinal canal

DIRECT: invaginates posterior wall of inguinal canal - medial to inferior epigastric

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20
Q

Why does a direct inguinal hernia not descend into the scrotum?

A

conjoint tendon wont allow it to

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21
Q

Where can a direct hernia be found?

A

medial to the inferior epigastric artery

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22
Q

What are the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. external spermatic fascia (from apo of ex. ob)
  2. cremaster muscle and fascia (from int. ob)
  3. internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
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23
Q

Structures making up the spermatic cord run from..

A
  • deep inguinal ring
  • inguinal canal
  • superficial inguinal ring
  • into scrotum
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24
Q

Spermatic cord contents (3,3,3,3)

A

3 ARTERIES - testicular artery, artery to vas def, cremaster artery

3 VEINS - pampiniform plexus of veins, vein of vas def, cremasteric vein

3 NERVES - ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, sympathetic

3 OTHER - vas def, lymphatics, tunica vaginalis

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25
Q

Skin sensation to the anterior 1/3 external genitalia is supplied by:

A

ilioinguinal nerve

26
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus?

A
  • network of veins
  • venous drainage of the testes
  • wraps around testicular artery
27
Q

Apart from venous drainage, what does the pampiniform plexus do?

A

acts as a heat exchanger - cooling arterial blood before it reaches the testes

28
Q

Where does the right and left testicular vein drain into?

A

R: IVC
L: left renal vein

29
Q

Where does the testicular artery come from?

A

branches of the abdomina aorta, below renal arteries

30
Q

What do the testes do?

A
  • produce spermatozoa aka. sperm

- secrete testosterone

31
Q

What is the testes covered by?

A

the same three layers that cover the spermatic cord

  • external spermatic fascia
  • cremaster muscle and fascia
  • internal spermatic fascia
32
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

serous covering surrounding testes

- has parietal and visceral layer

33
Q

What is the fibrous capsule encasing the testes?

A

tunica albuginea - (inner layer after tunica vag)

34
Q

How many seminiferous tubules found in a single lobule in the testes?

A

1-3 mil

35
Q

What are the network of tubules in the hilum of the testes? What does it do?

A
  • rete testis

- transports sperm from seminiferous tubules to efferent ducts

36
Q

Where do the sperm mature?

A

in the epididymis - connected to rete testes by efferent ducts

37
Q

What structure transports sperm to the urethra?

A

vas deferens

38
Q

What opens up into the vas deferens?

A

the seminal vesicles - secrete some of the components of the semen

39
Q

vas deferens + seminal vesicles = ?

A

EJACULATORY DUCT

40
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

pouch of skin containing the testes, epididymis and lower spermatic cord
- skin = thick, dark, wrinkly

41
Q

The scrotum is made up of..

A
  • skin
  • dartos (involuntary/smooth muscle)
  • fascia
42
Q

What does the dartos muscle do?

A
  • works with cremasteric muscle to elevate testes
  • regulates temperature of the testicles in scrotum
  • high mobility for penile skin
43
Q

Contraction and expansion of the dartos muscle does what?

A

CONTRACTION: less heat loss . warms testicles

EXPANSION: cools testicles

44
Q

3 parts of the penis

A
  • root
  • body
  • glans
45
Q

What is the glans of the penis formed by? What does it contain?

A
  • corpus spongiosum

- opening of urethra

46
Q

What is the external urethral meatus?

A

slit-like opening where urine exits urethra

47
Q

The small dilation of the end of the glans is the..

A

navicular fossa

48
Q

3 cylinders of erectile tissue

A

2 x corpus cavernosa

corpus spongiosum

49
Q

What contains most of the blood in the penis during an erection?

A

corpus cavernousua

50
Q

Which fibrous layer surrounds each cavernous body to maintain an erection?

A

tunica albuginea

51
Q

What does the bulb of the penis become? What does this structure then become?

A
  • bulb becomes corpus spongiosum

- cs then becomes glans penis

52
Q

Where does the penile urethra enter, run and open?

A

enters bulb, runs through the corpus spongiosum, then opens at external urethral meatus

53
Q

How many muscles of the root of the penis? What do they do?

A

2 x bulbospongiousus - contracts to empty urethra of urine and semen
2 x ischiocavernosus - (surround crura) - contracts to maintain erection

54
Q

How does the ischiocavernous muscle contract to maintain an erection?

A

contraction forces blood from cavernous crura into the corpus cavernosa - maintaining erection

55
Q

Arterial supply of the penis?

They are branches of the internal pudenal artery that arises from the internal iliac artery

A
  1. deep arteries
  2. dorsal arteries
  3. bulbourethral arteries
56
Q

Venous drainage of the penis?

A
  1. deep dorsal veins (drains cavernous spaces)

2. superficial dorsal veins (drains skin and cutaneous tissue)

57
Q

Innervation of the penis

A

S2-S4

sensory & sympathetic innervation to glans: DORSAL NERVE OF PENIS

58
Q

What causes and erection? (POINT AND SHOOT)

A

PARASYMP: inc blood flow

SYMP: initiates ejaculation

59
Q

Fluid in the tunica vaginalis is known as..

A

hydrocele

60
Q

Varicocele refers to..

A

dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus

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