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My cards > SUGER 4 - Pelvic Cavity and Organs > Flashcards

SUGER 4 - Pelvic Cavity and Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the uterus

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • cervix
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2
Q

What term would describe the position of the body of the uterus?

A

ante-flexed - bent forwards

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3
Q

Where does the uterus lie in relation to the bladder?

A

lies on superior surface of the bladder

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4
Q

Features of the cervix

A
  • cervical canal
  • internal os
  • external os
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5
Q

What are the purpose of the external and internal os?

A

INTERNAL: communication with the uterus

EXTERNAL: communication with the vagina

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6
Q

What stabilises the position of the cervix?

A
  • levator ani muscle tone
  • pelvic fascia
  • cervical ligaments
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7
Q

How many vaginal fornices are there? What are they?

A
  • 3: anterior, posterior, lateral

- spaces created by cervix in vagina

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8
Q

Which vaginal fornix is the deepest?

A

posterior fornix - also closest to rectouterine pouch

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9
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch?

A
  • souble fold of peritoneum between RECTUM and POSTERIOR WALL OF UTERUS
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10
Q

Where are the uterine tubes and what do they do?

A
  • upper border of broad ligament

- waft ovum to uterus

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11
Q

4 parts of the uterine/fallopian tubes

A
  1. fimbriae
  2. infundibulum
  3. ampulla
  4. isthmus
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12
Q

Whereabouts in the uterine tubes does fertilisation occur?

A

ampulla

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13
Q

What does the isthmus of the uterine tubes do?

A

connects ampulla to uterine cavity

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14
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A 
peritoneal fold connecting
- fallopian tubes
- uterus 
- ovaries
to the pelvis
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15
Q

What are the 3 mesenteries of the broad ligament? What do they attach?

A
  1. MESOVARIUM - mesentery of ovaries
  2. MESOSAPINX - mesentery of fallopian tubes
  3. MESOMETRIUM: mesentery of uterus
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16
Q

What are the ovaries suspended by?

A

mesovarium - posterior leaf of the broad ligament

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17
Q

Are the position of the ovaries fixed? Where do they usually lie?

A
  • not fixed

- OVARIAN FOSSA - angle between internal and external iliac

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18
Q

What is the vagina? Name some of its functions

A
  • female organ for sexual intercourse
  1. assists transport of ejaculate to uterus
  2. expands for channel delivery for parturition
  3. exit canal for menstrual tissue and fluid
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19
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovaries?

A

ligament attaching ovary to lateral abdominal wall

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20
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

attaches ovary to side of uterus

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21
Q

Blood supply of the ovaries?

A

Ovarian artery - DIRECTLY FROM ABDOMINAL AORTA - CLOSE TO RENAL ARTERY

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22
Q

What does the ureter travel under in the female?

A

uterine artery

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23
Q

What is the arterial supply of the uterine tubes?

A

ANASTOMOSIS BETWEEN ovarian and uterine arteries

24
Q

What does the vulva contain?

A
  • mons pubis
  • labia minora and majora
  • clitoris
  • vestibule
25
Q

What is the non/hair-bearing region of the vagina

A

hair; labia majora

no hair; labia minora

26
Q

The clitoris is analogous to the…. in the male

A

penis - has 3 bundles of erectile tissue

27
Q

Where is the external urethral meatus located in the female?

A

between the clitoris and vaginal orfice

28
Q

Where are the bartholins glands? What do they do?

A
  • either side of vaginal orfice

- secrete lubricating mucus during sexual arousal

29
Q

What is the urogenital triangle?

A

anterior part of perineum

- contains vagina and vulva in females

30
Q

Where does the bulbospongiosus run?

A

on each side of the vaginal orfice

31
Q

Which muscle runs from the inferior pubic rami to the clitoris?

A

ischiocavernosus

32
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

fibromuscular mass located at the junction of the urogenital and anal triangles

(between vagina and external anal sphincter)

33
Q

Which 2 muscles make up the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • deep transverse perineal

- sphincter urethrae

34
Q

What is the dilation of the vas deferens called? What does it join with?

A

ampulla

- joins seminal vesicles forming EJACULATORY DUCT

35
Q

Course of sperm during ejaculation

A
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • ejaculatory duct
  • prostate urethra
  • membranous urethra
  • penile urethra
36
Q

What is contained within the wall of the vas deferens and what does it allow?

A
  • smooth muscle

- has rich innervation to allow fast movement of sperm to ejaculatory duct

37
Q

Anatomical course of vas deferens

A
  • begins at tail of epididymis
  • inguinal canal
  • moves up lateral pelvic wall
  • turns medially onto back of bladder
  • joins seminal vesicle behind bladder forming ej. duct
38
Q

Where do the seminal vesicles lie?

A

on the back of the bladder, lateral to ampulla of bas

39
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete? Do they store sperm?

A

DO NOT STORE SPERM

- secrete alkaline fluid/mucus making up 60-70% of ejaculate

40
Q

How does the ejaculatory duct enter the prostatic urethra?

A

pierces the back of the prostate and enters the prostatic urethra

41
Q

What and where is the prostate? What are the purpose of its secretions?

A
  • a gland
  • sits on urogenital diaphragm, inferior to neck of bladder
  • keeps the seminal fluid, fluid
42
Q

Where are malignant and benign tumours likely to arise in the prostate? What effect do these tumours have?

A

malignant - lateral lobes
benign - median lobe

  • compress urethra, interfering with outflow of urine
43
Q

Where is the median lobe of the prostate found?

A

above and between the ejaculatory ducts

44
Q

What is the sac between the rectum and the urinary bladder called in males?

A

retro-vesical pouch

45
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate?

A

prostatic venous plexus - DRAINING INTO INTERNAL ILIAC VEINS

46
Q

What type of gland is the bulbourethral gland? What is their function?

A
  • small exocrine gland

- produce mucus secretion or lubrication during arousal

47
Q

What does the corpus spongiosus of the penis form at the root? What is it covered by?

A

bulb of penis

- covered by bulbospongiosus

48
Q

What extend from the crus in the root of the penis?

A

corpus cavernosa

49
Q

Which muscle is each crus covered by?

A

ischiocavernosus

50
Q

Where does the male urethra start and end?

A
  • internal urethral meatus of bladder

- external urethral meatus of glans

51
Q

What are the parts of the male urethra?

A
  • prostatic
  • membranous
  • spongy
52
Q

Which lymph nodes would cervical cancer spread to?

A

internal iliac lymph nodes

53
Q

What maintains the normal position of the uterus?

A
  • tone in the levator ani muscles
  • cardinal ligaments
  • pubocervical and sacrocervical ligaments
  • broad ligaments
54
Q

Where will the pain arising from ovary inflammation be felt and why?

A
  • medial thigh
  • ovary sits along lateral wall of pelvis where obturator runs
  • nerve irritation will affect thigh (as thats where obturator supplies)
55
Q

What is retroversion of the uterus?

A

where it lies backwards on the anterior part of the rectum

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