summary of unit 2

Question 1

Abiotic

Answer 1

non loving

- eg temperature,rocks

Question 2

Biotic

Answer 2

living

eg. plants, animals , fungi

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

animals address

Question 4

Microhabitat

Answer 4

particular area within a habitat

Question 5

Niche

Answer 5

way of life of a species

Question 6

wind speed

Answer 6

anemometer

Question 7

humidity of air

Answer 7

hygrometer

Question 8

air pressue

Answer 8

barometer

Question 9

light intensity

Answer 9

light meter

Question 10

soil water content

Answer 10

moisture meter

Question 11

water salinity

Answer 11

conductivity meter

Question 12

Transpiration

Answer 12

loss of water vapour by evaporation from moist surfaces inside the plant

Question 13

Reduced density of stomata on leaf surfaces

Answer 13

fewer stomata per unit area of leaf surface which means water loss by transpiration is reduced

Question 14

Restriction of opening of the stomata to night time when the temperature is lower

Answer 14

lower temperature means less transpiration

Question 15

stomata in pits below the leaf surface rather than at the surface

Answer 15

sunken stomata creates a region of higher humidity which slows water loss

Question 16

thick waxy cuticle on the leaf surface

Answer 16

waterproofs the leaf urface so that water is only loss via the stomata

Question 17

hairs on the leaf surface

Answer 17

slows the airflow over the leaf surface and reduces the loss of water vapour

Question 18

small leaves

Answer 18

reduces the area which water vapour can be lost

Question 19

infolding of the leaves

Answer 19

slows the airflow over the leaf surface and creates a region of higher humidity within the leaf

Question 20

Xerophyte

Answer 20

plant that is able to survive in an environment with little water

Question 21

Hydrophyte

Answer 21

plants that are able to survive in aquatic environments

Question 22

Affector Neurons / Sensory

Answer 22

• detects change

sensory –> CNS

Question 23

Motor / Effector Neurons

Answer 23

CNS –> muscle cells or glands

Question 24

Connecting/ interneurons

Answer 24

connects to sensory to motor neurons

Question 25

CNS

Answer 25

brain , spinal cord

Question 26

PNS

Answer 26

rest of the body except brain and spinal cord

Question 27

Neurotransmitter

Answer 27

chemical which carries an impulse across the gap

Question 28

Stimulus

Answer 28

change in the internal or external environment

Question 29

Receptor

Answer 29

responsible for detecting changes

Question 30

Response

Answer 30

muscle or gland capable of producing a response to the stimulus

Question 31

Response

Answer 31

change in a cell, tissue or organism because of a stimulus

Question 32

Osmoreregulation

Answer 32

control of the levels of water and mineral salts in the blood

Question 33

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 33

Conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in the urine

Question 34

Insulin

Answer 34

reduces glucose from the blood

Question 35

Glucagon

Answer 35

increases blood glucose levels

Question 36

Chemoreceptors

Answer 36

detects chemicals

Question 37

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 37

detects movement and pressure

Question 38

Photoreceptors

Answer 38

detect light

Question 39

Thermoreceptors

Answer 39

detects temperature

Question 40

Pain receptors

Answer 40

detects pain

Question 41

Rods?

Answer 41

- detect light of low intensity - cannot distinguish colour - outer regions

Question 42

Cones?

Answer 42

- Funcation in high light intensity - detect colour - central region

Question 43

Tropism

Answer 43

-growth responses + tropism = growth towards stimulus - tropism = growth away from the stimulus

Question 44

Phototropism

Answer 44

plants move in response to the light

Question 45

Geotropism

Answer 45

Plants move in response to gravity

Question 46

Thigmotropism

Answer 46

response of plant to touch

Question 47

Auxins

Answer 47

Controls stretching of a plant

Question 48

Cytokinins

Answer 48

responsible for cell division and growth in cell size

Question 49

Ethylene

Answer 49

gas that promotes ripening of fruit

Question 50

Abscisic acid

Answer 50

responsible for dormancy

Question 51

Photochrome

Answer 51

pigment in plant leaves that react to photoperiod

Question 52

Short Day plants

Answer 52

uninterrupted long period of darkness

Question 53

Vernalisation

Answer 53

plants that cannot flower unless it has been expressed to a period of cold

Question 54

R selection

Answer 54

quick and many

Question 55

K selection

Answer 55

slower and fewer

Question 56

Oviparity

Answer 56

egg laying

Question 57

Viviparity

Answer 57

embryo develops within mothers body

Question 58

Habituation

Answer 58

ability to ignore frequent , harmless stimulus

Question 59

Classical Conditioning

Answer 59

respond to a particular stimuli

Question 60

Operant conditioning

Answer 60

repeated practise using punish or reward

Question 61

Reasoning/Insight

Answer 61

apply solution using past experiences

Question 62

Competitive

Answer 62

struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited sources

Question 63

Predator Prey

Answer 63

One species (the prey) kills and eats another thing (prey)

Question 64

Parasitoid

Answer 64

wasp or female fly inside a host then it eats the host

Question 65

Mutualism

Answer 65

to organisms living together to benefit both

Question 66

Commensalism

Answer 66

2 organisms share same habitat but only 1 beneits

Question 67

Thermoregulation

Answer 67

process of regulating body temperature

Question 68

Hyperthermia

Answer 68

body temp above set point

Question 69

hypothermia

Answer 69

body temp below set point

Question 70

Endotherms

Answer 70

generate heat vid metabolic activity

Question 71

Ectotherms

Answer 71

heat via surrounding s

Question 72

Hetrotherms

Answer 72

heat via muscle movement