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NAVLE Study Q's > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Which organism is associated with spirochaetal colitis in swine?

A

Brachyspira pilosicoli

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2
Q

What is Stephanurus dentatus?

A

Kidney worm of pigs, they are often in or near kidneys, in ureters or perirenal fat. They cause posterior ataxia and paralysis due ti larvae migrating along spinal cord. DX is made with US finding ova in urine or necropsy.

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3
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

Rare induction of hyper metabolic reaction in skeletal muscle of susceptible individuals by halothane. CS - muscle rigidity, increased body temperature, increased oxygen consumption and production of CO2. Halothane is used as the anesthetic agent.

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of swine influenza in pigs?

A

CS - high fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge. Causes respiratory illness in most pigs in the herd. Recovery takes about 1-2 weeks.

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5
Q

What are the morbidity and mortality rates of swine influenza in pigs?

A

Low mortality and high morbidity

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6
Q

What is the primary host for psuedorabies?

A

Pigs

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7
Q

What is transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Viral disease of the SI causing vomiting and watery diarrhea. No other disease in pigs spreads so rapidly and such high mortality in piglets, mortality is 100% in piglets <2 week old, seldom die if <1 month old. No TX

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8
Q

What causes acute ileitis and what are the CS?

A

Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
CS - diarrhea, extremely thickened small intestines, and wasting pigs (decreased weight)
-disease becomes apparent when pigs are >12 weeks of age

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9
Q

When is the lawsonia intracellularis vaccine for acute ileitis usually administered?

A

Usually administered during mid-late nursing stage (6-8 weeks)

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10
Q

How does Ascaris suum cause respiratory problems in pigs?

A

Ascaris suum is a round worm of pigs where its larvae travel through the liver and into the lungs causing verminous pneumonia which is usually not responsive to antibiotics

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11
Q

What is a risk factor for roundworm infestations in pigs?

A

Raising pigs outside

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12
Q

Where is sarcoptes scabiei commonly found in pigs?

A

In the ear canal or behind the ears

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13
Q

What kind of hernias are common in pigs? Which is more common in females and males?

A

Umbilical hernias and inguinal hernias are the most common in pigs. Inguinal hernias occur more commonly in males than females. They can be unilateral or bilateral and occur more commonly on the left side. Umbilical hernias occur in both sexes but slightly more common in females.

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14
Q

What affect does ascaris suum have on the liver in pigs?

A

The larvae of roundworms migrate through the liver causing “white spots” called milk spots as a result of fibrosis and hemorrhage

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15
Q

What is Strongyloides ransomi in pigs?

A

Threadworm of pigs. Reside in the small intestine of suckling piglets. They are most commonly transmitted transcolostrally. Heavy infections can cause diarrhea, anemia, emaciation, and death.

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16
Q

How do you diagnose strongyloides ransomi and how do you treat it?

A

Diagnosis: fecal flotation, intestinal mucosal scraping, or necropsy
Tx: Benzimidazoles and ivermectin

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17
Q

How long does it take antibodies to be detected after exposure?

A

10-14 days

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18
Q

What antibiotics is Erysipelas susceptible to?

A

Penicillins and tetracyclines

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19
Q

What are the morbidity and mortality rates of swine influenza in a herd of pigs?

A

High morbidity and low mortality

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20
Q

What are clinical signs of swine influenza?

A

High fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge. Recovery takes 1-2 weeks.

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21
Q

What does swine influenza pneumonia look like?

A

Necrotizing bronchiolitis, fibrinous exudate in the bronchi, cranioventral to patchy, diffuse pneumonia with moderate interlobular edema

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22
Q

What is Trichinella spiralis in pigs?

A

Worm that infects most commonly infects mammals. Pigs commonly get ingested due to ingestion of rodents, raw garbage, or cannibalism of meat infected with cysts.

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23
Q

Why is swine influenza a major zoonotic problem?

A

It can mutate in pigs and waterfowl

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24
Q

What virus causes TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis)?

A

Coronavirus

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25
What is the mortality rate for TGE?
Almost 100% in piglets <1 week old Affects all age groups
26
What are the CS of TGE?
Watery diarrhea, vomiting, wet/dry appearance to litter from profuse diarrhea
27
What is the TX and prevention of TGE?
Tx - symptomatic Prevention: Feed feces and infected intentional contents of affected piglets to sows that are >14 days to farrowing
28
What are the CS and what age group is affected in Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis virus?
Piglets <4 weeks old CS - vomiting and wasting disease (VWM) and encephalitic forms
29
What virus causes PRRS? Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome?
Arterivirus
30
What is most commonly seen in PRRS and what age group does it affect?
Most common cause of stillborn births, affects all ages
31
What are the 3 overlapping syndromes you will see with PPRS?
1) Repro impairment/failure - abortions, mummies, stillbirths, early embryonic death 2) Resp disease - wean pigs get cough (thumps), purple ear tips from Vasculitis, and nursery pigs will have interstitial pneumonia 3) High pre-weaning mortality - diarrhea, recurrent fevers d
32
What is the TX and prevention of PRRS?
Tx - none, depopulate herd Prevention - vaccine
33
Around what age do pigs get rotavirus and what is it commonly associated with?
5 days old, commonly associated with E. Coli
34
What virus causes Blue eye?
Tublavirus Also known as blue eye paramyxovirus
35
What virus causes Hog cholera (classic swine fever)?
Togavirus
36
Why is Hog cholera concerning in the US and which virus is it closely related to?
Hog cholera is REPORTABLE, US is free of it Classic swine fever (togavirus) is closely related to pestivirus (BVD, Border disease virus)
37
What does the virus in classic swine fever affect and what are the clinical signs?
Virus affected stem cells in bone marrow, leading to neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (results in immune suppression and suspectiblity to enteric bacterial infections. CS - oral ulceration, vomit, diarrhea, oral petechiation, paresis/paralysis, fever, shivering, conjunctivitis Can also cross placenta and lead to repro failure -> severe systemic infection and abortion
38
What are the CS of African Swine Fever and what is it carried by?
CS - most important one: hemorrhage of ear skin Also fever, acute death, inappetence. On necropsy there is petechiation of internal organs It is from Africa and carried by warthogs, transmitted by soft ticks
39
What virus causes Vesicular Exanthema? In what species is the disease found in?
Calicivirus Found in swine, sea lions, seal, and marine mammals
40
What is another name for vesicular exanthema and why is it concerning? Where is it seen geographical?
Also known as San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions IT IS REPORTABLE Sea lions off coast of CA, not present in US pigs
41
What virus causes pseudorabies in pigs?
Herpesvirus
42
What is the primary host of pseudorabies?
Pigs
43
What is another name for pseudorabies and is it still in the US?
Also known as Aujesky’s disease Eradicated from pigs in US, can devastate non-immune herd
44
What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause?
Depends on the age group but includes neuro/CSN, respiratory, and reproductive signs
45
What CS does pseudorabies cause in young neonate pigs less than 3 weeks old?
Neuro/CNS signs CS - tremors, incoordination, blindness, opisthotonos, hypersalivation, ataxia, nystagmus, paddling, DEATH (100% mortality!) Some may be born mummified
46
What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause in wean pigs?
Neuro/CNS and Respiratory signs All similar signs of neonatal pigs + respiratory signs Lower mortality rate
47
What are the clinical signs that pseudorabies causes in growers/finisher pigs?
Respiratory signs Cough, sneezing, nasal discharge
48
What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause in older breeding age pigs?
Respiratory signs but mostly reproductive failure CS: abortions, resorption, mummification
49
How does pseudorabies present in ruminants?
50
What is Porcine proliferative enteritis caused by? What age of pigs is it seen in?
Lawsonia intracellularis Seen in finisher pigs (40-80lbs)
51
What kind of bacteria is Lawsonia intracellularis?
Gram negative curved bacteria in enterocytes
52
What are the common clinical signs of porcine proliferative ileitis? What is seen on necropsy? What signs are common in weaned and older pigs?
CS: Soft buttery (yellow) stool, wasting, lethargy, acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (sometimes) Necropsy: thickened inflamed ileum (proliferative ileitis and edematous mesentery) Common in weaned and older pigs, will see persistent diarrhea, weight loss
53
What bacteria causes swine dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae/Serpulina
54
What are the CS of swine dysentery?
Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea -> large bowel diarrhea, fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and colitis
55
What is not affected in swine dysenetry?
The small intestine is unaffected
56
What CS will you seen in grower/finisher pigs with swine dysentery?
Bloody diarrhea and death
57
What CS does Salmonella cause in pigs? Which age is it the most common?
CS - rectal strictures with chronic infection, button ulcers in large intestine Common in weaner and finisher pigs, uncommon in piglets (passive immunity from colostrum)
58
What bacteria causes Diamond skin disease?
Erysipleothrix rhusiopathiae
59
What are the 3 forms in diamond skin disease? What age is affected? What lesions will you see?
Grower and finisher pigs affected 3 forms: 1) Peracute: pigs found suddenly dead 2) Acute: pigs are lethargic, painful in joints, anorexia, develop diamond skin lesions 3) Chronic : arthritis progresses to vertebral joints and limbs joint may fuse -> painful swollen joints Lesions: red/purple skin lesions in diamond skin lesions
60
What two diseases does enterotoxigenic E. Coli cause?
Enteric colibacillosis and Edema disease
61
What lesions will you see with enterotoxigenic E. Coli?
Lesions: edema, pericardial/pleural effusion (Shiga toxin 2e) -> which destroys endothelial cells in vessels leading blood clots, hemorrhage, ischemia necrosis, edema of vital organs (including brain)
62
What is the most common cause of diarrhea of nursing piglets and what is commonly seen with rotavirus?
Enteric colibacillosis most common cause of diarrhea in nursing piglets (<5 days old) -> piglets huddled and shivering Commonly seen with rotavirus: watery diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, death
63
How do you prevent the spread of enteric colibacillosis in nursing piglets?
Vaccinate! Never mix pigs of different age together
64
What is edema disease and what age of pigs is it seen in?
Fatal disease of rapidly growing WEANED pigs (pigs on high protein and high energy diets)
65
What are the CS of edema disease?
CS: fever, anorexia, SQ emphysema, dyspnea, open mouth breathing, convulsions, diarrhea, swollen eyelids (eyelid edema, forehead, lips), circling, acute death
66
What does Brucellosis cause in pigs? Why is it a concern? How is it transmitted?
Abortions! Any stage of gestation Placentas and aborted fetuses have NO GROSS LESIONS Transmission: Venereal, aborted fetuses ZOONOTIC! highly pathogenic to humans!
67
What bacteria causes swine tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium avium
68
What CS does Streptococcus suis cause and what ages does it affect in pigs?
Affects nursing and weaned pigs CS: polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, meningitis (NOT COLITIS) Varying morbidity/mortality, improved with tx
69
What is the difference between acute ileitis and hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in pigs?
Acute ileitis, intestinal contents will be hemorrhagic and clotted Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, intestinal contents will be hemorrhagic and non-clotted (liquid)
70
What is the treatment for acute ileitis?
Immediately treat all pigs with tylosin
71
What is the treatment for hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
No effective treatments
72

NAVLE Study Q's (20 decks)

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