Syncope

Question 1

Syncope

3 main groupings

Answer 1

• reflex / neural mediated
• orthostatic hypotension
• cardiac causes

Question 2

Syncope

Orthostatic hypotension investigation

Answer 2

lying-standing BP
(drop in 20mmHg systolic or 10mmHg diastolic)

check the diastolic

Question 3

Syncope

cardiac output = ____ x ____

Answer 3

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 4

Syncope

What is vertigo caused by?

Answer 4

mismatch between vestibular sysetm , vision and proprioception

Question 5

Syncope

Causes of blackouts and ‘funny turns’

Answer 5

• Epilepsy
• Syncope:
  – Neurocardiogenic syncope (vasovagal)
  – Cardiac syncope (Stokes–Adams attacks)
  – Micturition syncope
  – Cough syncope
  – Postural hypotension
  – Carotid sinus syncope
• Non-epileptic attacks (pseudoseizures)
• Panic attacks and hyperventilation
• Hypoglycaemia
• Drop attacks
• Hydrocephalic attacks
• Basilar migraine
• Severe vertigo
• Cataplexy, narcolepsy, sleep paralysis