Synovial Joints

Question 1

Describe a synarthrosis joint:

Answer 1

immoveable
and the bones are in almost direct contact but interspersed by connective tissue

Question 2

Describe a Amphiarthrosis joint:

Answer 2

slightly moveable
contiguous osseous surfaces connected by flattened discs of fibrocartilage that allow for limited movement

Question 3

Describe the Diarthrosis joint:

Answer 3

freely moveable, possesses a cavity that is lined by a synovial membrane
may/may not possess ligamentous and meniscal structures internally
normally found between long bones

Question 4

What are the joint components of synovial joints?

Answer 4

articular cartilage
joint cavity
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
meniscus
bursae

Question 5

what are the type of cartilage found in synovial joints?

Answer 5

Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

Question 6

What are chrondocytes?

Answer 6

these are the only cells of articular cartilage

Question 7

What do chondrocytes do?

Answer 7

they produce and secrete the extracellular matrix

Question 8

what does the cartilage extracellular matrix consist of?

Answer 8

proteoglycans
collagen
attachment proteins

Question 9

what do the proteoglycan give (structurally) to the cartilage extracellular matrix?

Answer 9

gives rigidity and stability

Question 10

what is the outer layer of synovium?

Answer 10

collagen 1

Question 11

what is the inner layer of synovium?

Answer 11

lining of synoviocytes

Question 12

what is synovial fluid?

Answer 12

it is modified from plasma and is rich in proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid

Question 13

meniscus of the joint?

Answer 13

made of fibrocartilage
highly organised collagen 2

Question 14

what does the outer edge of the meniscus contain?

Answer 14

contains capillaries and nerve endings

Question 15

ligaments?

Answer 15

attach bone to bone
constrained movement
collagen and proteoglycans

Question 16

Meniscus function?

Answer 16

shock if movement distributed across the joint

Question 17

subchondral bone?

Answer 17

contain chondrocytes
a form of calcified cartilage
contains bone matrix and a tidemark

Question 18

tendon structrue?

Answer 18

fibres which are bundled together, bigger and bigger bundles create entire tendon

Question 19

smallest part of tendon?

Answer 19

collagen macromolecule

Question 20

several whats make up entire tendon?

Answer 20

fascicle

Question 21

what does a bundle of collagen macromolecule make?

Answer 21

collagen fibril

Question 22

elastin?

Answer 22

contained in tendons in order to help them move the bones and have enough energy

Question 23

what do collagen fibrils bundle up to make?

Answer 23

sub-fascicle

Question 24

what do sub-fascicles bundle up to form?

Answer 24

fibre bundle

Question 25

what creates a fascicle?

Answer 25

a fibre bundle

Question 26

how does cartilage receive its nourishment?

Answer 26

no blood vessels in articular cartilage blood vessels supply joint capsule allows weight bearing synoviocytes

Question 27

nerve endings joint?

Answer 27

not any nerve endings in joint but some sensory nerve endings around/near joint

Question 28

joint damaged?

Answer 28

not moving joint is detrimental to cartilage it does not heal with type II collagen - instead lots of fibrous collagen is produced

Question 29

what is found within the extracellular matrix of bones?

Answer 29

collagens proteoglycans --> protein + negatively charged GAGs has a high water content