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Syntax, Part 2 Flashcards

(10 cards)

1
Q

Noun phrase

A

Takes the place of a noun

Can be composed of a determiner, an adjective, a noun, and a prepositional phrase (optionally)

He, she, and it are all NPs. If you can replace a constituent with a pronoun, that constituent is a NP

E.g. “John” and “the cat”

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2
Q

Verb phrase

A

Takes the pace of a verb

A VP may optionally contain a noun phrase, a prepositional phrase, or an adjective

E.g. “slept” and “slept on the mat”

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3
Q

What MUST a sentence contain?

A

A noun phrase and a verb phrase

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4
Q

Prepositional phrases

A

Composed of a preposition and optionally a noun phrase

E.g. “to the store”, “from Abby”

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5
Q

What two steps must we do when building syntax trees?

A
  1. Accurately represent word order
  2. Identify constituents
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6
Q

Node

A

a labeled branch point where the syntactic category is labeled

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7
Q

Domination

A

every higher node dominates all the categories beneath it

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8
Q

Sisters

A

two categories that are directly under the same node

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9
Q

Head of a phrase

A

the lexical item which determines its syntactic category

The head of a noun phrase is always going to be a noun and the head of a verb phrase is going to be be a verb, same for a prepositional phrase

All phrases must have a head but not all heads have a complement

E.g. NP: an extinct bird species of South America
Species is the head

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10
Q

Complement

A

gives additional information about the head

E.g. in the phrase “ate a bagel”
Ate is the head phrase, and “a bagel” is the complement

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