Systems Theory 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What does arguing involve?
Presenting reasons or evidence in support of one’s position while refuting opposing arguments.
How does debating differ from arguing?
Debating refers to a formal discussion with opposing viewpoints, following specific rules and structures.
What is the primary aim of debating?
To convince an audience or judges of the superiority of one’s position through persuasion.
Define discourse.
Any form of communication or conversation on a particular topic or issue.
What is the focus of arguing?
Presenting and defending one’s viewpoint.
What are typical human biases related to leadership?
Information overload, feelings over facts, need for speed, confirmation bias, anchoring bias, in-group bias, negativity bias, attribution bias, sunk cost bias.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to favor information that confirms one’s existing beliefs.
Give an example of anchoring bias.
A person estimates the time to develop a feature based on an initial number provided.
What does in-group bias refer to?
Favoring individuals who belong to the same group as oneself.
What is negativity bias?
The tendency to focus more on negative experiences than positive ones.
Define attribution bias.
The tendency to attribute personal successes to oneself and failures to external factors.
What is sunk cost bias?
The inclination to continue an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made.
Why is communication essential in organizations?
Organizations are social units whose members must align and coordinate.
What role does leadership play in organizations?
Leadership is essential for sensing and sense-making by establishing adequate communication formats.
What is communicative capitalism?
A concept where communication becomes commodified and truth is subordinated to spectacle and entertainment.
What does ‘truthiness’ refer to?
A perceived truth where emotions dominate over factual accuracy.
What must leaders navigate when facing ethical dilemmas?
Distinctions between right and wrong or competing values.
What is the significance of the distinction between leadership and management?
It can influence how one observes or acts within an organization.
What challenges do leaders face in the current generation of students?
Students have an exaggerated sense of safety and are less accustomed to intellectual conflicts.
What does self-exploitation mean in the context of leadership?
The extreme form of exploitation where individuals constantly self-evaluate and optimize.
What shift has occurred in leadership literature?
From focusing on leader competencies to understanding leadership as a process resulting from relationships.
What are some ways to increase tolerance of ambiguity?
Lower needs for external approval, examine control needs, and work on human needs.
Fill in the blank: The ideal subjects of totalitarian systems are people for whom the distinction between _______ and _______ no longer exists.
[facts], [fiction]
True or False: The current generation of students is very accustomed to intellectual conflicts.
False
