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IPC > T1 - Midterm > Flashcards

T1 - Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four word parts?

A
  1. Prefixes
  2. Suffixes
  3. Combining vowels
  4. Word root
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2
Q

What is a word root?

A

Basic meaning providing the subject/foundation of the word

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3
Q

What is a prefix?

A

Added to the beginning of the word to modify the meaning

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4
Q

What is a suffix?

A

Attached to the end of a root word to modify its meaning

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5
Q

What are examples of combining vowels?

A

Typically an ‘i’ or ‘o’ making the combination of word parts easier to say

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6
Q

What are sig codes?

A

Common Latin abbreviations used in medical terminology

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7
Q

What the word root for clot?

A

thrombo

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8
Q

What the word root for osteo?

A

Bone

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9
Q

What the word root for nephro?

A

kindey

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10
Q

What the word root for necro?

A

death

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11
Q

What the word root for cyano?

A

blue

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12
Q

What the word root for gastro?

A

stomach

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13
Q

What the word root for hepato?

A

liver

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14
Q

What does the prefix hyper-?

A

Above or excessive

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15
Q

What does the prefix hyper active?

A

abnormally or excessively active

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16
Q

What does a- / an-?

A

without

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17
Q

What is bi-?

A

two or both

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18
Q

What is dys-?

A

painful; abnormal; difficult

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19
Q

What is hypo-?

A

below or deficient

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20
Q

What is poly-?

A

many; excessive; profuse

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21
Q

What is tachy-?

A

fast; rapid

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22
Q

What is the suffix for pain?

A

-algia

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23
Q

What is the suffix for thirst?

A

-dipsia

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24
Q

What is the suffix for inflammation?

A

-itis

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25
Q

What is the suffix for enlargement?

A

-megaly

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26
Q

What is the suffix for tumor?

A

-oma

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27
Q

What is the suffix for process of visual examination?

A

-scopy

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28
Q

What is the suffix for urinary condition?

A

-uria

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29
Q

What is the abbreviation AAM?

A

African American Male

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30
Q

What is the abbreviation WF?

A

White female

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31
Q

What is the abbreviation BP?

A

Blood pressure

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32
Q

What is the abbreviation HA?

A

Headache

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33
Q

What is the symbol Rx?

A

Prescription
Latin: “to take” or “take thus”

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34
Q

What is a prescription?

A

a written, verbal, or electronically transmitted order issued by a practitioner for a drug or device to be dispensed for a patient by a pharmacist

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35
Q

How should prescriptions be labeled for distribution?

A
  1. Rx Only
  2. Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian
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36
Q

What is a prescription drug?

A

A pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed

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37
Q

What is an over-counter drug?

A

Doesn’t require Rx

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38
Q

What’s the difference between brand and generic drugs?

A

Brand: Marketed by the company that developed, manufactured and holds patent (Trade name and proprietary)

Generic: Drug marketed chemical name without advertising (Non-proprietary)

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39
Q

What’s the difference between a new and refill prescription?

A

New: Original Rx written for 1st time
May contain refills (written, electronic, verbal)

Refill: Second or subsequent set of doses upon doctor’s orders

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40
Q

What are the types of prescription?

A
  1. Written
  2. Verbal (Not CII)
  3. Transfer (Not controlled substances)
  4. Electronic (Not CII)
  5. Fax
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41
Q

Who is authorized to write prescriptions?

A
  1. Physicians (MD, DO, D.P.M)
  2. Physician Assistants
  3. Nurse Practitioners
  4. Advanced practice registered nurses
  5. Psychiatrist/Psychologist
  6. Clinical Pharmacist (Collaborative practice)
  7. Veterinarians
  8. Optometrist/Ophthalmologist
  9. Dentist
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42
Q

Is AL4551784 a valid DEA number?

A

yes

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43
Q

What is the prescription format?

A

Heading, Body, Closing

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44
Q

What are the prescriber requirements on a prescription?

A

Name
Address
DEA number (for CS)
Signature (if written)
Electronic or digital signature (if electronic)
Phone number (fax or electronic)

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45
Q

What are the patient requirements on a prescription?

A
  1. Name
  2. Address
  3. DOB
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46
Q

What are the other requirements on a prescription?

A

Issue date
Name, strength, dosage form, qty of drug
Instructions for use (sig)
Refills (if any)

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47
Q

What are the components of a prescription body?

A

Rx symbol
Name of the drug
Strength of drug or concentration
Leading vs trailing zeros
Amount to be dispensed
Directions “sig”
Formulation (tab, cap, soln)
Indication (not req)

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48
Q

What are the validities of refills?

A

Valid 1 year for non-CS
6 months for CIII-V in MS
None for CII
If no refills indicated, default is “zero”

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49
Q

What are the federal law labeling requirements?

A

Name and address of dispenser
Serial or prescription number
Date of filling
Prescriber’s name
Patient’s name
Directions for use
Cautionary statements

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50
Q

What are the MS law labeling requirements?

A

Pharmacy name and address
Prescription number
Prescriber name
Patient name
Directions for use (AKA sig)
Fill/Refill date
Pharmacist identifier (typically initials)

Drug name, strength, quantity, refills remaining, beyond use/expiration date, “Rx only” or “Caution

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51
Q

What are the skills required for physical examinations?

A
  1. Communication
  2. Inspection for bruising, rash, redness swelling/inflammation
  3. Palpation for heat and inflammation
  4. Percussion for sloshing, hollow sounds
  5. Auscultation
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52
Q

What is the general assessment?

A

Appearance – overall appearance
Behavior – grimacing, are they alert, is their speech clear or are they slurring
Mobility – are they able to sit and stand upright, are the able to move their arms and legs in full ROM, can they walk without the use of an aid, if not what type of aid is needed

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53
Q

What is the male IBW equation?

A

IBW = 50+[2.3x (height in inches – 60)]

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54
Q

What is the IBW equation of females?

A

IBW = 45.5+[2.3x (height in inches – 60)]

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55
Q

What is the ABW equation?

A

ABW = IBW + [0.4x (actual – ideal)]

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56
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

BMI = 703x [weight in pounds/(height in inches)^2]

57
Q

What is the normal BMI range?

A

18.5-24.9

58
Q

Why are vital signs important?

A
  1. identify the existence of an acute medical problem
  2. means of rapidly quantifying the magnitude of an illness
  3. Are a marker of chronic disease states
59
Q

What are the general vital signs?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Pulse and Heart Rate
  3. Respiratory Rate
  4. Oxygen Saturation
  5. Blood Pressure
60
Q

What is Normal body temperature?

A

Oral: 96.4-99.1F (35.8-37.3C)
Axillary and Rectal: 94.9-99.6F (36.3-37.8C)

61
Q

What is normal heart rate?

A

60-100bpm

62
Q

What is normal respiratory rate?

A

12-20

63
Q

What his normal oxygen saturation?

A

95-100%

64
Q

What is normal bp?

A

120/80 mmHg

65
Q

What is Problem Pertinent ROS?

A

Inquires about the system directly related to the problem identified in the History of Physical Illness (HPI).

66
Q

What is extended ROS?

A

Inquires about the system directly related to the problem(s) identified in the HPI and a limited number (two to nine) of additional systems

67
Q

What is complete ROS?

A

Inquires about the system(s) directly related to the problem(s) identified in the HPI plus all additional (minimum of ten) organ systems

68
Q

What is blood pressure?

A
  1. The pressure exerted against the arterial wall
  2. mmHg
69
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic bp?

A

Systolic: Peak value, the pressure during cardiac contraction
Diastolic: Nadir value, Pressure during filling of the chambers

70
Q

What occurs when bp is 130-139/80-89?

A

Stage 1 hypertension

71
Q

What occurs when bp is 140+/90+?

A

Stage 2 Hypertension

72
Q

What occurs when bp is 180+/120+?

A

Hypertensive crisis

73
Q

What are some modified risk factors for high bp?

A
  1. Current cigarette smoking
  2. Secondhand smoking
  3. Diabetes Mellitus
  4. Dyslipidemia/Hypercholesterolemia
  5. Overweight/Obesity
  6. Physical inactivity/low fitness
  7. Unhealthy diet
74
Q

What some relatively fixed risk factors?

A
  1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  2. Family history
  3. Increased age
  4. Low socioeconomic/educational status
  5. Male sex
  6. Obstructive sleep apnea
  7. Psychosocial stress
75
Q

What are the types of arterial hypertension?

A
  1. Essential
  2. Secondary
  3. Resistant
  4. Masked
  5. White coat
76
Q

What methods are used to measure BP?

A
  1. Manual (stethoscope and sphygmomanometer)
  2. Automated (calibrated oscillometric device)
77
Q

What are the basic instructions of taking BP?

A
  1. Educate the patient on what you are planning to do prior to beginning and along the way
  2. Ask the appropriate questions (see next slide)
  3. The patient should not have consumed caffeine, exercised, or smoked for 30 minutes prior to taking their blood pressure as this may result in an incorrect reading
  4. Make sure the patient has emptied their bladder
78
Q

What are the questions to ask a patient before taking BP?

A
  1. Have you had any injuries or surgeries on either arm?
  2. Do you have an arm preference?
    Have you had caffeine in the last 30 minutes?
  3. Do you smoke? If so, have you smoked in the last 30 minutes?
  4. Have you exercised in the last 30 minutes?
  5. Do you take blood pressure medications? 6. If so, what medication and when?
  6. What is your blood pressure usually?
79
Q

How should the patient be positioned when taking their BP?

A
  1. Back supported and feet are flat
  2. Remove of clothing covering the brachial artery
  3. Supported arm
80
Q

What are the role of the pharmacist in drug information?

A
  1. Adhere to increasing of health care regulations
  2. Advocate for the appropriate use of medications
  3. Act as a knowledgeable decision marker
81
Q

What is the responsibility of the pharmacist in drug information?

A
  1. Serve as a resource on all medication related issues
  2. Evaluate available drug information
  3. Continued growth and learning is essential.
  4. Provide drug information in various settings and for various audiences
82
Q

What is drug information?

A

Information found in a reference or verbalized by an individual that pertains to medications

83
Q

How is pharmacy informatics different?

A

Emphasizes the use of technology and automation

Management and integration of medication related data across systems

84
Q

What are opportunities to provide drug information?

A
  1. Direct patient care
  2. Managed care organizations
  3. Insurance industry
  4. Scientific writing and medical communication
  5. Pharmaceutical industry
85
Q

What are the Skills Needed to Provide Accurate Drug Information?

A
  1. Investigation
  2. Evaluation
  3. Communication
86
Q

What are the 3 Cs for successful communication?

A
  1. Character
  2. Chemistry
  3. Competence
87
Q

What is a tertiary resource?

A
  1. Filtered and summarized by the author
  2. Significant lag time; could have outdated information
  3. May have incomplete information
  4. Easily accessible, easy to use
  5. Helpful first-line resources with basic information
88
Q

What are examples of tertiary resources?

A

Epocrates
Medscape
LexiComp Online
US Pharmacist
Facts and Comparisons
Textbooks
Package inserts
Review articles
Clinical guidelines

89
Q

What is a secondary resource?

A
  1. Indexing: bibliographic citation
  2. Abstracting: citation with a brief description
  3. Different sites do this differently
  4. Useful for keeping current with new developments and finding more detailed information
  5. Databases
90
Q

What are examples of secondary resources?

A

PubMed
GoogleScholar
AccessPharmacy
Cochrane Library
EBSCO
EMBASE
CINAHL
OVID

91
Q

What is a primary resource?

A
  1. Includes published & unpublished resources
  2. Allows reader to critique and analyze the study to determine validity and use of conclusions
  3. Requires skillful discernment
  4. Requires time commitment
92
Q

What is Access Pharmacy?

A
  1. Field’s most trusted website
  2. Includes information on drugs, herbs, and supplements
  3. Videos, games, Q&A
  4. Pharmacy textbooks
93
Q

What is the American Society for Microbiology Journals?

A
  1. Full text access to 12 journals published by the American Society for Microbiology
  2. Some manuscripts published up to three months ahead of print
  3. Available only on the Hattiesburg campus (hardcopies)
94
Q

What is CINAHL Plus?

A
  1. Comprehensive nursing and allied health research database with full text
  2. Nursing journals and publications from the National League for Nursing and the American Nurses’ Association
  3. Covers nursing, biomedicine, health sciences librarianship, alternative/complementary medicine, consumer medicine, etc.
95
Q

What is DynaMed?

A

Combines the highest quality evidence-based information, expert guidance, and a user-friendly, personalized experience to deliver accurate answers fast at the point of care

96
Q

What is Facts and Comparisons?

A
  1. Relevant, timely drug information and interactive tools
  2. Updated, crystal-clear user interface featuring common sense navigation and expanded content and tools
  3. GREAT resource to use for comparison charts of drug classes
97
Q

What is Lexicomp Online?

A

Clear, concise, point-of-care drug information

98
Q

What is MEDLINE Complete?

A
  1. Largest companion to the MEDLINE index
  2. Full text medical journals
  3. Many, but not all, available for free
99
Q

What is Natural Medicines?

A

The most authoritative resource available on dietary supplements, natural medicines, and complementary alternative and integrative therapies.

100
Q

What are the steps of the vigilant decision making process?

A
  1. Appraising the Challenge
  2. Assessing yourself
  3. Surveying alternatives
  4. Evaluating alternatives
  5. Achieving committment
101
Q

What is the purpose for vigilant decision making process?

A

A practical, intentional approach to decision making

Raises awareness of personal goals and motives

Useful for big and small decisions

102
Q

What is pharmaceutical care?

A

The direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life

103
Q

What type of pharmacy does the following?
1. Administrative activities
2. Scientific research
3. Teaching professional student pharmacists
4. Speaking/publishing in scientific venues
5. Maintaining an experiential practice site

A

Academic

104
Q

What kind of pharmacist does the following?
1. Medication management
2. Coordination of care
3. Triage and referral
4. Patient education
5. Wellness and health promotion

A

Ambulatory

105
Q

What type of pharmacist does?
1. Government relations
2. Clinical education
3. Professional development
4. Professional advocacy

A

association management pharmacists

106
Q

What is most easily accessible healthcare provider?

A

Community pharmacist

107
Q

What are the roles does this pharmacists do?
Interpret prescriptions and enter into the system
Manage technicians
Resolve insurance coverage issues
Ensure therapeutic appropriateness and accurate dispensing
Compound when needed
Counsel/educate patients

A

Community

108
Q

What type of pharmacist does?
Direct patient contact
Interdisciplinary team

A

Clinical Specialist

109
Q

What is a community health pharmacists?

A

Provide health care services and information to underserved populations
Broad range of patient ages and disease states

110
Q

What are pharmacist does?
Dispensing medications (and associated counseling)
Business and department management
Patient care services (e.g., medication therapy management, disease management)
Personnel management

A

Community health pharmacists

111
Q

What kind of pharmacist does the following?
Medication dispensing (including associated counseling)
Business management

A

Compounding pharmacy

112
Q

What kind of pharmacist does the following?
MTM services
Dispensing and other drug-related activities
Managing and administering pharmacy departments within their government branch
Reviewing new drug applications

A

Government/Federal pharmacy

113
Q

What is this pharmacist?
Patient care services
Dispensing medications
Medication management
Medication preparation

A

Home health care pharmacists

114
Q

What is this type of pharmacist?
Dispensing medication
Making purchasing decisions
Monitoring drug therapy
Preparing IV medication
Follow/develop guidelines for medication use
Maintain drug distribution systems

A

health system and hospital pharmacists

115
Q

What are the 2 categories of a long term care pharmacist?

A

Dispensing/management operations
Consultant services

116
Q

What is this pharmacist?
Monitor medication dosage requirements
Monitor drug interactions
Adhere to formulary/guideline recommendations

A

Long term care pharamacist

117
Q

What is this pharmacist?
1. Drug utilization reviews (DURs)
2. Medication dispensing (and associated patient counseling)
3. Health professional consulting and patient care services (e.g., disease management, medication therapy management)
4. Organization and business management
Personnel management

A

Mail order pharmacist

118
Q

What is this pharmacist?
Drug distribution and dispensing
Patient safety monitoring
Clinical program development
Business operations
Analysis of therapeutic outcomes
Cost management

A

Managed care pharmacist

119
Q

What is the primarily responsibilities of PBM?

A
  1. Developing and maintaining the formulary
  2. Contracting with pharmacies
  3. Negotiating discounts and rebates with drug manufacturers
  4. Processing and paying prescription drug claims
120
Q

What is the importance of the medical communication pharmacist?

A
  1. Literature searching and writing
  2. Data management
  3. Patient management services
  4. Teaching
121
Q

What is this pharmacist?
1. Medication preparation/compounding
2. Medication dispensing (including associated patient counseling)
3. Service

A

Nuclear

122
Q

What are the primary areas to work for the the pharmaceutical industry?

A
  1. Medical Science Liaison
  2. Research and Development
  3. Sales and Marketing
123
Q

What is a medical science liaison?

A

educate health care professionals on the uses, merits, and scientific data related to their products

124
Q

What is a research development pharmacist do?

A

all phases of drug product development, all phases of clinical trials research, drug information, manufacturing, regulatory affairs, health policy, scientific/professional affairs, and quality control

125
Q

What does a sales and marketing pharmacist do?

A

analyze the needs of a given market and develop communications about specific therapies and products

126
Q

What is the importance of pharmacy law?

A

Looks specifically at those laws and regulations that govern pharmacists, the pharmaceutical industry, and the profession

127
Q

What is the importance of regulatory affairs?

A

Concerned with the regulations and guidelines for clinical trials and other aspects of human research

128
Q

What is the importance of public policy?

A

Determines how regulations, guidelines, and laws affect patients

129
Q

What is a specialty pharmacist?

A

Service created to manage the handling and service requirements of specialty pharmaceuticals used to treat rare/chronic diseases

130
Q

What pharmacist require additional training?

A

Clinical and Nuclear

131
Q

What type of pharmacist works in a community-based setting?

A

Ambulatory

132
Q

What type of pharmacist offers services to members and public?

A

Association management

133
Q

What is a compounding pharmacist?

A

Emphasis on preparing customized dosage forms and/or medications

“Rebirth” of compounding in the past decade due to need for specialized medications

134
Q

What is a home health care pharmacist?

A

Specializes in treating patients in their homes or other residential facilities

Focus on compounding intravenous (IV) admixtures

May partner with hospice organizations, visiting nurse teams, and social services team members

135
Q

What is a health system/hospital pharmacist?

A

Patients often have more complicated conditions and take multiple medications

Exposure to various areas: oncology, IV medication therapy, neonatal care, nutrition, pain therapy, geriatrics, etc.

136
Q

What is a long term care pharmacist?

A

Provide pharmacy infusion, education, consulting, and related services in a variety of settings

137
Q

What is a mail order pharmacist?

A

Focused on medication dispensing, but patient care role is expanding

138
Q

What is a managed care pharmacist?

A

Most pharmacists in managed care work for health plans and pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies

Highest quality drug therapy management for the best price -> drug management on a global scale

139
Q

What is a nuclear pharmacist?

A

Preparation of radioactive materials

IPC (41 decks)

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