T1 - Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four word parts?
A
- Prefixes
- Suffixes
- Combining vowels
- Word root
2
Q
What is a word root?
A
Basic meaning providing the subject/foundation of the word
3
Q
What is a prefix?
A
Added to the beginning of the word to modify the meaning
4
Q
What is a suffix?
A
Attached to the end of a root word to modify its meaning
5
Q
What are examples of combining vowels?
A
Typically an ‘i’ or ‘o’ making the combination of word parts easier to say
6
Q
What are sig codes?
A
Common Latin abbreviations used in medical terminology
7
Q
What the word root for clot?
A
thrombo
8
Q
What the word root for osteo?
A
Bone
9
Q
What the word root for nephro?
A
kindey
10
Q
What the word root for necro?
A
death
11
Q
What the word root for cyano?
A
blue
12
Q
What the word root for gastro?
A
stomach
13
Q
What the word root for hepato?
A
liver
14
Q
What does the prefix hyper-?
A
Above or excessive
15
Q
What does the prefix hyper active?
A
abnormally or excessively active
16
Q
What does a- / an-?
A
without
17
Q
What is bi-?
A
two or both
18
Q
What is dys-?
A
painful; abnormal; difficult
19
Q
What is hypo-?
A
below or deficient
20
Q
What is poly-?
A
many; excessive; profuse
21
Q
What is tachy-?
A
fast; rapid
22
Q
What is the suffix for pain?
A
-algia
23
Q
What is the suffix for thirst?
A
-dipsia
24
Q
What is the suffix for inflammation?
A
-itis
25
What is the suffix for enlargement?
-megaly
26
What is the suffix for tumor?
-oma
27
What is the suffix for process of visual examination?
-scopy
28
What is the suffix for urinary condition?
-uria
29
What is the abbreviation AAM?
African American Male
30
What is the abbreviation WF?
White female
31
What is the abbreviation BP?
Blood pressure
32
What is the abbreviation HA?
Headache
33
What is the symbol Rx?
Prescription
Latin: "to take" or "take thus"
34
What is a prescription?
a written, verbal, or electronically transmitted order issued by a practitioner for a drug or device to be dispensed for a patient by a pharmacist
35
How should prescriptions be labeled for distribution?
1. Rx Only
2. Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian
36
What is a prescription drug?
A pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed
37
What is an over-counter drug?
Doesn't require Rx
38
What's the difference between brand and generic drugs?
Brand: Marketed by the company that developed, manufactured and holds patent (Trade name and proprietary)
Generic: Drug marketed chemical name without advertising (Non-proprietary)
39
What's the difference between a new and refill prescription?
New: Original Rx written for 1st time
May contain refills (written, electronic, verbal)
Refill: Second or subsequent set of doses upon doctor's orders
40
What are the types of prescription?
1. Written
2. Verbal (Not CII)
3. Transfer (Not controlled substances)
4. Electronic (Not CII)
5. Fax
41
Who is authorized to write prescriptions?
1. Physicians (MD, DO, D.P.M)
2. Physician Assistants
3. Nurse Practitioners
4. Advanced practice registered nurses
5. Psychiatrist/Psychologist
6. Clinical Pharmacist (Collaborative practice)
7. Veterinarians
8. Optometrist/Ophthalmologist
9. Dentist
42
Is AL4551784 a valid DEA number?
yes
43
What is the prescription format?
Heading, Body, Closing
44
What are the prescriber requirements on a prescription?
Name
Address
DEA number (for CS)
Signature (if written)
Electronic or digital signature (if electronic)
Phone number (fax or electronic)
45
What are the patient requirements on a prescription?
1. Name
2. Address
3. DOB
46
What are the other requirements on a prescription?
Issue date
Name, strength, dosage form, qty of drug
Instructions for use (sig)
Refills (if any)
47
What are the components of a prescription body?
Rx symbol
Name of the drug
Strength of drug or concentration
Leading vs trailing zeros
Amount to be dispensed
Directions “sig”
Formulation (tab, cap, soln)
Indication (not req)
48
What are the validities of refills?
Valid 1 year for non-CS
6 months for CIII-V in MS
None for CII
If no refills indicated, default is “zero”
49
What are the federal law labeling requirements?
Name and address of dispenser
Serial or prescription number
Date of filling
Prescriber’s name
Patient’s name
Directions for use
Cautionary statements
50
What are the MS law labeling requirements?
Pharmacy name and address
Prescription number
Prescriber name
Patient name
Directions for use (AKA sig)
Fill/Refill date
Pharmacist identifier (typically initials)
Drug name, strength, quantity, refills remaining, beyond use/expiration date, “Rx only” or “Caution
51
What are the skills required for physical examinations?
1. Communication
2. Inspection for bruising, rash, redness swelling/inflammation
3. Palpation for heat and inflammation
4. Percussion for sloshing, hollow sounds
5. Auscultation
52
What is the general assessment?
Appearance – overall appearance
Behavior – grimacing, are they alert, is their speech clear or are they slurring
Mobility – are they able to sit and stand upright, are the able to move their arms and legs in full ROM, can they walk without the use of an aid, if not what type of aid is needed
53
What is the male IBW equation?
IBW = 50+[2.3x (height in inches – 60)]
54
What is the IBW equation of females?
IBW = 45.5+[2.3x (height in inches – 60)]
55
What is the ABW equation?
ABW = IBW + [0.4x (actual – ideal)]
56
How do you calculate BMI?
BMI = 703x [weight in pounds/(height in inches)^2]
57
What is the normal BMI range?
18.5-24.9
58
Why are vital signs important?
1. identify the existence of an acute medical problem
2. means of rapidly quantifying the magnitude of an illness
3. Are a marker of chronic disease states
59
What are the general vital signs?
1. Temperature
2. Pulse and Heart Rate
3. Respiratory Rate
4. Oxygen Saturation
5. Blood Pressure
60
What is Normal body temperature?
Oral: 96.4-99.1F (35.8-37.3C)
Axillary and Rectal: 94.9-99.6F (36.3-37.8C)
61
What is normal heart rate?
60-100bpm
62
What is normal respiratory rate?
12-20
63
What his normal oxygen saturation?
95-100%
64
What is normal bp?
120/80 mmHg
65
What is Problem Pertinent ROS?
Inquires about the system directly related to the problem identified in the History of Physical Illness (HPI).
66
What is extended ROS?
Inquires about the system directly related to the problem(s) identified in the HPI and a limited number (two to nine) of additional systems
67
What is complete ROS?
Inquires about the system(s) directly related to the problem(s) identified in the HPI plus all additional (minimum of ten) organ systems
68
What is blood pressure?
1. The pressure exerted against the arterial wall
2. mmHg
69
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic bp?
Systolic: Peak value, the pressure during cardiac contraction
Diastolic: Nadir value, Pressure during filling of the chambers
70
What occurs when bp is 130-139/80-89?
Stage 1 hypertension
71
What occurs when bp is 140+/90+?
Stage 2 Hypertension
72
What occurs when bp is 180+/120+?
Hypertensive crisis
73
What are some modified risk factors for high bp?
1. Current cigarette smoking
2. Secondhand smoking
3. Diabetes Mellitus
4. Dyslipidemia/Hypercholesterolemia
5. Overweight/Obesity
6. Physical inactivity/low fitness
7. Unhealthy diet
74
What some relatively fixed risk factors?
1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
2. Family history
3. Increased age
4. Low socioeconomic/educational status
5. Male sex
6. Obstructive sleep apnea
7. Psychosocial stress
75
What are the types of arterial hypertension?
1. Essential
2. Secondary
3. Resistant
4. Masked
5. White coat
76
What methods are used to measure BP?
1. Manual (stethoscope and sphygmomanometer)
2. Automated (calibrated oscillometric device)
77
What are the basic instructions of taking BP?
1. Educate the patient on what you are planning to do prior to beginning and along the way
2. Ask the appropriate questions (see next slide)
3. The patient should not have consumed caffeine, exercised, or smoked for 30 minutes prior to taking their blood pressure as this may result in an incorrect reading
4. Make sure the patient has emptied their bladder
78
What are the questions to ask a patient before taking BP?
1. Have you had any injuries or surgeries on either arm?
2. Do you have an arm preference?
Have you had caffeine in the last 30 minutes?
3. Do you smoke? If so, have you smoked in the last 30 minutes?
5. Have you exercised in the last 30 minutes?
5. Do you take blood pressure medications? 6. If so, what medication and when?
7. What is your blood pressure usually?
79
How should the patient be positioned when taking their BP?
1. Back supported and feet are flat
2. Remove of clothing covering the brachial artery
3. Supported arm
80
What are the role of the pharmacist in drug information?
1. Adhere to increasing of health care regulations
2. Advocate for the appropriate use of medications
3. Act as a knowledgeable decision marker
81
What is the responsibility of the pharmacist in drug information?
1. Serve as a resource on all medication related issues
2. Evaluate available drug information
3. Continued growth and learning is essential.
4. Provide drug information in various settings and for various audiences
82
What is drug information?
Information found in a reference or verbalized by an individual that pertains to medications
83
How is pharmacy informatics different?
Emphasizes the use of technology and automation
Management and integration of medication related data across systems
84
What are opportunities to provide drug information?
1. Direct patient care
2. Managed care organizations
3. Insurance industry
4. Scientific writing and medical communication
5. Pharmaceutical industry
85
What are the Skills Needed to Provide Accurate Drug Information?
1. Investigation
2. Evaluation
3. Communication
86
What are the 3 Cs for successful communication?
1. Character
2. Chemistry
3. Competence
87
What is a tertiary resource?
1. Filtered and summarized by the author
2. Significant lag time; could have outdated information
3. May have incomplete information
4. Easily accessible, easy to use
5. Helpful first-line resources with basic information
88
What are examples of tertiary resources?
Epocrates
Medscape
LexiComp Online
US Pharmacist
Facts and Comparisons
Textbooks
Package inserts
Review articles
Clinical guidelines
89
What is a secondary resource?
1. Indexing: bibliographic citation
2. Abstracting: citation with a brief description
3. Different sites do this differently
4. Useful for keeping current with new developments and finding more detailed information
5. Databases
90
What are examples of secondary resources?
PubMed
GoogleScholar
AccessPharmacy
Cochrane Library
EBSCO
EMBASE
CINAHL
OVID
91
What is a primary resource?
1. Includes published & unpublished resources
2. Allows reader to critique and analyze the study to determine validity and use of conclusions
3. Requires skillful discernment
4. Requires time commitment
92
What is Access Pharmacy?
1. Field’s most trusted website
2. Includes information on drugs, herbs, and supplements
3. Videos, games, Q&A
4. Pharmacy textbooks
93
What is the American Society for Microbiology Journals?
1. Full text access to 12 journals published by the American Society for Microbiology
2. Some manuscripts published up to three months ahead of print
3. Available only on the Hattiesburg campus (hardcopies)
94
What is CINAHL Plus?
1. Comprehensive nursing and allied health research database with full text
2. Nursing journals and publications from the National League for Nursing and the American Nurses' Association
3. Covers nursing, biomedicine, health sciences librarianship, alternative/complementary medicine, consumer medicine, etc.
95
What is DynaMed?
Combines the highest quality evidence-based information, expert guidance, and a user-friendly, personalized experience to deliver accurate answers fast at the point of care
96
What is Facts and Comparisons?
1. Relevant, timely drug information and interactive tools
2. Updated, crystal-clear user interface featuring common sense navigation and expanded content and tools
3. GREAT resource to use for comparison charts of drug classes
97
What is Lexicomp Online?
Clear, concise, point-of-care drug information
98
What is MEDLINE Complete?
1. Largest companion to the MEDLINE index
2. Full text medical journals
3. Many, but not all, available for free
99
What is Natural Medicines?
The most authoritative resource available on dietary supplements, natural medicines, and complementary alternative and integrative therapies.
100
What are the steps of the vigilant decision making process?
1. Appraising the Challenge
2. Assessing yourself
3. Surveying alternatives
4. Evaluating alternatives
5. Achieving committment
101
What is the purpose for vigilant decision making process?
A practical, intentional approach to decision making
Raises awareness of personal goals and motives
Useful for big and small decisions
102
What is pharmaceutical care?
The direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life
103
What type of pharmacy does the following?
1. Administrative activities
2. Scientific research
3. Teaching professional student pharmacists
4. Speaking/publishing in scientific venues
5. Maintaining an experiential practice site
Academic
104
What kind of pharmacist does the following?
1. Medication management
2. Coordination of care
3. Triage and referral
4. Patient education
5. Wellness and health promotion
Ambulatory
105
What type of pharmacist does?
1. Government relations
2. Clinical education
3. Professional development
4. Professional advocacy
association management pharmacists
106
What is most easily accessible healthcare provider?
Community pharmacist
107
What are the roles does this pharmacists do?
Interpret prescriptions and enter into the system
Manage technicians
Resolve insurance coverage issues
Ensure therapeutic appropriateness and accurate dispensing
Compound when needed
Counsel/educate patients
Community
108
What type of pharmacist does?
Direct patient contact
Interdisciplinary team
Clinical Specialist
109
What is a community health pharmacists?
Provide health care services and information to underserved populations
Broad range of patient ages and disease states
110
What are pharmacist does?
Dispensing medications (and associated counseling)
Business and department management
Patient care services (e.g., medication therapy management, disease management)
Personnel management
Community health pharmacists
111
What kind of pharmacist does the following?
Medication dispensing (including associated counseling)
Business management
Compounding pharmacy
112
What kind of pharmacist does the following?
MTM services
Dispensing and other drug-related activities
Managing and administering pharmacy departments within their government branch
Reviewing new drug applications
Government/Federal pharmacy
113
What is this pharmacist?
Patient care services
Dispensing medications
Medication management
Medication preparation
Home health care pharmacists
114
What is this type of pharmacist?
Dispensing medication
Making purchasing decisions
Monitoring drug therapy
Preparing IV medication
Follow/develop guidelines for medication use
Maintain drug distribution systems
health system and hospital pharmacists
115
What are the 2 categories of a long term care pharmacist?
Dispensing/management operations
Consultant services
116
What is this pharmacist?
Monitor medication dosage requirements
Monitor drug interactions
Adhere to formulary/guideline recommendations
Long term care pharamacist
117
What is this pharmacist?
1. Drug utilization reviews (DURs)
2. Medication dispensing (and associated patient counseling)
3. Health professional consulting and patient care services (e.g., disease management, medication therapy management)
4. Organization and business management
Personnel management
Mail order pharmacist
118
What is this pharmacist?
Drug distribution and dispensing
Patient safety monitoring
Clinical program development
Business operations
Analysis of therapeutic outcomes
Cost management
Managed care pharmacist
119
What is the primarily responsibilities of PBM?
1. Developing and maintaining the formulary
2. Contracting with pharmacies
3. Negotiating discounts and rebates with drug manufacturers
4. Processing and paying prescription drug claims
120
What is the importance of the medical communication pharmacist?
1. Literature searching and writing
2. Data management
3. Patient management services
4. Teaching
121
What is this pharmacist?
1. Medication preparation/compounding
2. Medication dispensing (including associated patient counseling)
3. Service
Nuclear
122
What are the primary areas to work for the the pharmaceutical industry?
1. Medical Science Liaison
2. Research and Development
3. Sales and Marketing
123
What is a medical science liaison?
educate health care professionals on the uses, merits, and scientific data related to their products
124
What is a research development pharmacist do?
all phases of drug product development, all phases of clinical trials research, drug information, manufacturing, regulatory affairs, health policy, scientific/professional affairs, and quality control
125
What does a sales and marketing pharmacist do?
analyze the needs of a given market and develop communications about specific therapies and products
126
What is the importance of pharmacy law?
Looks specifically at those laws and regulations that govern pharmacists, the pharmaceutical industry, and the profession
127
What is the importance of regulatory affairs?
Concerned with the regulations and guidelines for clinical trials and other aspects of human research
128
What is the importance of public policy?
Determines how regulations, guidelines, and laws affect patients
129
What is a specialty pharmacist?
Service created to manage the handling and service requirements of specialty pharmaceuticals used to treat rare/chronic diseases
130
What pharmacist require additional training?
Clinical and Nuclear
131
What type of pharmacist works in a community-based setting?
Ambulatory
132
What type of pharmacist offers services to members and public?
Association management
133
What is a compounding pharmacist?
Emphasis on preparing customized dosage forms and/or medications
“Rebirth” of compounding in the past decade due to need for specialized medications
134
What is a home health care pharmacist?
Specializes in treating patients in their homes or other residential facilities
Focus on compounding intravenous (IV) admixtures
May partner with hospice organizations, visiting nurse teams, and social services team members
135
What is a health system/hospital pharmacist?
Patients often have more complicated conditions and take multiple medications
Exposure to various areas: oncology, IV medication therapy, neonatal care, nutrition, pain therapy, geriatrics, etc.
136
What is a long term care pharmacist?
Provide pharmacy infusion, education, consulting, and related services in a variety of settings
137
What is a mail order pharmacist?
Focused on medication dispensing, but patient care role is expanding
138
What is a managed care pharmacist?
Most pharmacists in managed care work for health plans and pharmacy benefit management (PBM) companies
Highest quality drug therapy management for the best price -> drug management on a global scale
139
What is a nuclear pharmacist?
Preparation of radioactive materials
