T1Q6 Urogenital Embryology

Question 1

what produces the nephrogenic cord and gonadal ridge?

Answer 1

mesoderm> intermediate mesoderm> urogenital ridge>

1. nephrogenic chord
2. gonadal ridge

Question 2

labia major arises from

Answer 2

genital swelling

Question 3

scrotum arises from

Answer 3

genital swelling

Question 4

shaft of penis arises from

Answer 4

cloacal fold> urethral fold> shaft of penis

Question 5

labia minora arises from

Answer 5

cloacal fold> urethral fold> labia minora

Question 6

glans of penis arises from

Answer 6

genital tubercle

Question 7

clitoris arises from

Answer 7

genital tubercle

Question 8

uterine tubes, superior portion of vagina arise from

Answer 8

paramesonephric ducts

Question 9

TDF> > > > > seminferous tubules _ rete testis

Answer 9

TDF> primitive sex cords> sertoli cells> testicular cords> seminiferous tubules + rete testis

Question 10

how do the ovarian follicles form in females?

Answer 10

primitive sex chords> cortical sex cords> ovarian follicles

Question 11

Clinical: what happens if the primitive germ cells fail to migrate?

Answer 11

Immediately: the gondadal ridge will not form
Adult: the external genitalia will not form

Question 12

Clinical: a communication exists between the urethra and rectum. What structure failed to form?

Answer 12

The urorectal septum failed to separate the cloacal membrane into rectum urethra

Question 13

a. The mesonephric duct degenerate in _____

b. the paramesonephric ducts degenerate in ____

Answer 13

a. females, paramesonephric ducts form uterine structures

b. males- mesonephric structure form ductus deferens, seminal vesicle

Question 14

Clinical: a newborn presents with multiple urethral openings. What embryonic event failed to occur normally?

Answer 14

External Genitalia: fusion of the urethral folds to enclose the urethral groove

Question 15

The medullary chord degenerate in one sex and the cortical chords degenerate in another. Which is which?

Answer 15

medullary chord: degenerates in FEMALES, cortical chord help form follicular cells
cortical chord: degenerates in MALES, the medullary chord forms sertolli cells

Question 16

Clinical: a male patient suffers from infertility. Biopsy reveals intact Sertoli Cells. Ideas?

Answer 16

Leydig cells failed to differentiate between in the mesenchyme between medullary sex chords

Question 17

Which of the following forms as an outgrowth of the mesonephric ducts? prostate or seminal vesicle

Answer 17

seminal vesicles; prostate arises from the spongy urethra

Question 18

SRY & TDF are to males as ____ are to Females

Answer 18

Wnt-4s

Question 19

Clinical: patient has an incomplete broad ligament and uterus bicornis. what embryological event failed?

Answer 19

migration of fusion of the two paramesonephric ducts

Question 20

the hymen arises from what embryonic structure?

Answer 20

urogenital sinus> sinovaginal bulb> distal vagina and hymen

DOES NOT form form mesonephric ducts

Question 21

the gonadal ridge is ___ to the nephrogenic chord

Answer 21

medial

Question 22

nephrogenic chord

Answer 22

“kidney” forming chord. from cranial to caudal

1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metanephros

Question 23

pronephros

Answer 23

first, non-functional kidney that induces formation of other parts

Question 24

mesonephros

Answer 24

“wolffian” duct, a long collecting duct that opens into the cloaca. Mesnephric tubules differentiate into excretory units that form at each segmental level.

Transient

Question 25

Clinical: ultra sound reveals abnormalities in the structure of the collecting duct in the right kidney. What event failed?

Answer 25

uretic bud division failure in the metanephros intermediate mesoderm> urogenital ridge> nephrogenic duct> metanephros

Question 26

Clinical: Loop Diuretic act on a structure that arises from what part of the nephrogenic chord

Answer 26

metanephros, metanephric blastema

Question 27

mesonephric duct

Answer 27

a structure of the mesonephros that goes on to form the kidneys

Question 28

allantois

Answer 28

an invagination of the hindgut that extends through the umbilical chord into the yolk sac

Question 29

cloaca

Answer 29

an exapnded region in the embryonic hindgut

Question 30

urachus

Answer 30

adult remnant of the embryonic allantois

Question 31

clinical: during exploratory surgery, you discover that an area at the base of the bladder of a newborn is leaking urine. This is due to a failure in what type of a structure?

Answer 31

mesodermal, mesonephric duct

Question 32

urogenital sinus is derived from

Answer 32

the hindgut | endoderm> hindgut> rectum + urogenital sinus + urorectal membrane