T2 L2 Neck & oral cavity

Question 1

Where is the oral cavity located?

Answer 1

Inferior to the nasal cavities

Continuous with both the nasal cavities superior & pharynx inferiorly

Question 2

What does the outer oral vestibule include?

Answer 2

The lips & cheeks

Question 3

What does the roof include?

Answer 3

The hard & soft palate

Question 4

What forms the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 4

Muscles (mylohyoid & geniohyoid) & the tongue

Contains submandibular & sublingual glands

Question 5

What is the tongue divided into?

Answer 5

An anterior 2/3 (oral)
Posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal)
Demarked by a V-shaped sulcus

Question 6

What does the undersurface of the tongue contain?

Answer 6

Medial fold which internally separates the right & left sides of the tongue

Question 7

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 7

Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

Question 8

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 8

Movement for speech, eating & swallowing

Question 9

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 9

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 10

What is the function of the genioglossus?

Answer 10

Depresses & protrudes tongue

Question 11

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

Answer 11

Depresses tongue

Question 12

What is the function of the styloglossus?

Answer 12

Retracts tongue

Question 13

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

Answer 13

Elevates back of tongue

Depresses sift palate

Question 14

What are the arteries & veins of the tongue?

Answer 14

Lingual arteries

Drains into lingual veins

Question 15

Describe the innervation for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Answer 15

Taste - special afferent (taste), facial nerve VII via chorda tympani via lingual nerve (V3)
Sensation - general sensation by lingual nerve (V3)

Question 16

Describe the innervation for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 16

Taste - special afferent (taste) by glossopharyngeal

Sensation - general sensation glossopharyngeal

Question 17

Describe the motor innervation to the whole tongue

Answer 17

Hypoglossal nerve

Exception is palatoglossus which is supplied by CN X

Question 18

What is the type &; exit of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)?

Answer 18

Type: sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor & visceral
Exit: jugular foramen

Question 19

Describe cranial nerve IX innervation

Answer 19

Sensory - posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx
Taste - posterior 1/3 of tongue
Motor - stylopharyngeus muscle
Visceral to parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion

Question 20

What are the submandibular & sublingual glands innervated by?

Answer 20

Facial nerve

Question 21

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

Answer 21

Type - motor to intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Exit - hypoglossal canal

Question 22

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 22

Protective sphincter for air passages & produces phonation

Question 23

What cartilages make up the larynx?

Answer 23

Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate
Epiglottis

Question 24

What are the 2 most important ligaments in the larynx?

Answer 24

Vestibular

Vocal

Question 25

What is the nerve supply to the larynx?

Answer 25

Sensory &motor from the vagus via the superior laryngeal branch & recurrent laryngeal branch

Question 26

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

Answer 26

Upper 1/2 by superior thyroid artery | Lower 1/2 by inferior thyroid artery

Question 27

Where is the pharynx located?

Answer 27

Most posterior part of the next | Behind nasal cavity & larynx

Question 28

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

Answer 28

Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx

Question 29

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 29

3 constrictors | Super, middle, inferior

Question 30

What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?

Answer 30

Motor via vagus Exception is stylopharyngeus which is supplied by CN IX. Sensory via V2, CN IX, CN X

Question 31

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve X?

Answer 31

Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor & visceral motor Exit: jugular foramen

Question 32

What is the path of cranial nerve X?

Answer 32

Rootlets from medulla through jugular foramen. Continues in carotid sheath Branches into head & thorax

Question 33

What is the innervation of CN X?

Answer 33

Sensory: from larynx, dura mater Taste: epiglottis & pharynx Visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut & foregut Motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx & larynx Visceral motor: as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut & midgut

Question 34

What supports the neck?

Answer 34

Posteriorly by 7 cervical vertebrae

Question 35

Where are the mobile hyoid bones located?

Answer 35

In the neck

Question 36

What are the 3 layers of deep fascia in the neck?

Answer 36

Pretracheal fossa Prevertebral fascia Investing fascia

Question 37

Why is the fascia in the neck important?

Answer 37

Reduce spread of infection | Enables structures to move past each other in movement & swallowing

Question 38

What does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 38

``` Common & internal carotid arteries Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve X Deep cervical lymph nodes Carotid sinus nerve ```

Question 39

What are the 4 triangles in the anterior compartment?

Answer 39

Unpaired submental triangle Paired submandibular Paired carotid Paired muscular triangle

Question 40

What divides the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 40

The presence of the posterior belly of omoyhyoid

Question 41

What is the posterior compartment of the neck divided into?

Answer 41

Large occipital triangle | Smaller ornoclavicular triangle

Question 42

What are the boundaries & contents of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 42

Boundaries: anterior & posterior bellies of digastric Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery & vein

Question 43

What are the boundaries & contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 43

Bounded by digastric | Contains lymph nodes

Question 44

What are the boundaries & contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 44

Boundaries: omohyoid, SCM Contains: supra & infra hyoid muscles

Question 45

What are the boundaries & contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 45

Boundaries: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digrastic, SCM Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve

Question 46

What is the muscular triangle divided into?

Answer 46

Suprahyoid muscle | Infrahyoid muscle

Question 47

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 47

Stylohyoid Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid

Question 48

What is the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 48

Facial nerve for stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric Mylohyoid by CN V Geniohyoid by CN XII

Question 49

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 49

Omohyoid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid

Question 50

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 50

C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

Question 51

What does the posterior triangle contain?

Answer 51

Subclavian artery External jugular vein CN XI Cervical plexus

Question 52

What is the occipital triangle bound by?

Answer 52

SCM Trapezius Omohyoid

Question 53

What is the supraclavicular triangle bound by?

Answer 53

Clavicular head of SCM Clavicle Omohyoid

Question 54

What does the brachiocephalic artery divide into?

Answer 54

Common carotid which divide into internal & external carotids

Question 55

What does the external carotid divide into?

Answer 55

``` Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Maxillary Superficial temporal ```

Question 56

What does the subclavian artery divide into?

Answer 56

Inferior thyroid

Question 57

What is the venous drainage of the head & neck?

Answer 57

Internal jugular vein drains brain, face, cervical viscera & neck muscles External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein

Question 58

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve XI (accessory)?

Answer 58

Type: motor to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius Exit: jugular foramen

Question 59

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

Answer 59

Type: sensory, special somatic, afferent for hearing, equilibrium & motion Exit: internal acoustic meatus

Question 60

What is the path of cranial nerve VIII?

Answer 60

Divides into vestibular & cochlear nerves