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Flashcards in T2: pathogens Deck (69)
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1
Q

G+ rods

A

Bacillus cereus
Lactobacillus spp. (box-car shaped, aerotolerant anaerobe)
Listeria monocytogenes (coccobacilli; facultative IC pathogen)
Actinomycetes (G+ thin, branding filaments w/ clubbed ends): Actinomyces israelii (faculative anaerobe)
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (club-shaped rod)

2
Q

G+ cocci

A

Staphylococci (in clusters):
-Staph aureous (coagulase positive)
-Staph epidermis, saprophyticus (coag neg)
Streptococci (in chains - aerotolerant anaerobes):
-Strep mutans, sanguis, salivarius, mitis (oral)
-Strep pneumoniae -pneumococcus (lancet shaped diplococci, a-hemolytic)
-Strep pyrogenes (GABHS)
-Strep agalactiae (GABHS)
Peptosteptococcus spp. (obligate anaerobic, cocci in chains)

3
Q

G- rods

A

Aggrgatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ob an)
Acinetobacter baumanii
Bacteroides forsythus (ob an)
Bordetella pertussis (coccobacilli)
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Eikenella corrodens
Enterics: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Fusobacterium: F. necrophorum(ob.an long rods, tap. ends)
Haemophilus influenza, type b (Hib) and NTHi (coccobacilli)
Porphyromonas gingivalis (ob an)
Pseucomonas aeruginosa
Prevotella intermedia (ob an)

4
Q

Procaryotic, G- curved rod

A

NONE

5
Q

G- cocci (kidney beans)

A
Neisseria gonorrhoeae(gonococcus) & other Neis. spp (NF)
Moraxella catarrhalis
6
Q

G- cell wall architecture: Spirochetes (internal flagella)

A

-Treponema denticola, T. vincentii (ob an, peridontal disease)

7
Q

Acid fast bacilli

A

Nocardiae : N. asteroides (Nocardiosis)

8
Q

Cell wall-less pleomorphic bac (not G-/+, no PTG)

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ureaplasma urealyticum, U. parvum
*tx w. PCN

9
Q

G- cell wall architecture: pleomorphic ob. IC bac

A

w/out PTG:

Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci

10
Q

Fungi

A

(eukaryotics) “J”

Candida albicans

11
Q

Helminth

A

(euk) “K,L,M,N”

tissue round worm: “N” Filarial Nematodes: Onchocerca volvulus

12
Q

Protozoan

A
(euk) O
Toxoplama gondii (ob IC)
13
Q

viruses

A

adenovirus
coronavirus
influenza (orthomyxovirus)

14
Q

more viruses: Herpes virus

A
HSV 1
HSV 2
VZV (3) chicken pox, shingles
CMV (cytomegalovirus) (5)
hum. parvoviruses
hum. bocavirus (HBoV)
15
Q

more viruses: Paramyxovirus (cause syncytia formation)

A

parainfluenza virus (paramyxovirus, croup)
mumps
RSV
hMPV: hum. Metapneumovirus

16
Q

more viruses: picornaviruses

A
Rhinoviruses
Enteroviruses: polio/non-polio: 
 -ECHO viruses
 -coxsackievirus
 -enterovirus 68-->71
 -polio virus 
 -parechovirus
17
Q

eye NF

A

Staph epidermis
diphtheroids
Propionibacterium acnew

18
Q

conjuntivitis

A

mostly G+ cocci: S. aureus, streptococci

“pink eye”: S. pneumonia, S. pneumo NT, H. flu (aegyptius)

19
Q

conjunctivitis-OM syndrome

A

NTHi, S. pneumo, Moraxella catarrhalis

20
Q

Inclusion Conjunctivitis (IC): bac. IC and trachoma:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (#1 cause blindness in underdev. countries)

21
Q

IC: viral

A

adenovirus, HSV 1, VZV, other agents
pharyngeal conjuntival fever: adenovirus (3,7)
epidermic ketratoconjunctivitis “shipyard eye”: adenovirus 8, 19
acute epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: coxsackie virus, enterovirus, adenovirus

22
Q

IC: hyperacute mucopurulent conjunctivitis of newborn/ophthalmia neonatorum:

A

N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis

23
Q

Keratoconjuctivitis/Keratitis: bac agents

A

staph, strep, Listeria, Neisseria, anaerobes, P. aeruginosa

24
Q

Keratitis: viral agents

A

HSV1: leading cause of adult infectious blindness in dev. countries)
HSV2
VZV

25
Q

Keratitis: fungal

A

Aspergillus sp.
Candida sp.
Fusarium solani

26
Q

Keratitis: Amoebae (v. rare in US)

A

Acanthamoea spp.
Vahlkampfia sp.
Harmanella spp.

27
Q

Retinitis

A

CMV, VAV, HSV1

28
Q

Retinochoroiditis

A

Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasma gondii
Endocarditis: Roth spots (septic emboli) on retina
River blindness: Onchocerca volvulus (v. rare in US)

29
Q

Choroiditis

A

cryptococcus
P. jiroveci
MTb
MAC

30
Q

Otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas
staphylococci
fungi

31
Q

OM

A

S. pneumo, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis

32
Q

NF of oro/nasopharynx

A
a-hemolytic streptococci
S. agalactiae, S pyrogenes*, S. pneumoniae
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Coag. -/+ staph (+: S. aureus)
NTHi, Hib*,
non-patho Neisseria (N. meningitides*, N. gonorrhoeae*) Eikenella corrodens
G- rods (enterobacteriaceae)
anaerobes
archaebacteria (ob an)
candida
*ind. are immune carriers and must be tx
33
Q

NF of pro/nasopharynx: anaerobes

A
actinomyces
bacteroides
diphtheroids
fusobacterium
treponema: spirochetes
porphyromonas
prevotella
34
Q

stomatitis and/or pharyngitis

A
adenovirus, CMV
influenza, parainfluenza virus
RSV, HIV
Fusobacterium (F. necrophorum)
S. pyrogenes (and others)
N. gonorrhoeae
Mycoplasm, Chlamydia
35
Q

mono

A

EBV

36
Q

herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

HSV 1, 2

37
Q

herpes ulcerative pharyngitis

A

HSV 1,2

38
Q

cold sores/fever blisters

A

HSV 1,2

39
Q

herpangina

A

coxsackie

40
Q

hand, foot, mouth

A

coxsackie A16, enterovirus 71

41
Q

vesicular, ulcerative pharyntitis

A

HSV1, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71

42
Q

hepatitis

A

hepatitis virus

43
Q

mumps

A

mumps virus

44
Q

pharyngeal conjunctival fever

A

adenovirus

45
Q

diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

46
Q

acute epiglottitis

A

Hib

47
Q

cervicofacial actinomycosis/lumpy jaw

A

actinomyces israelii

48
Q

oral candidiasis/thrush (and dental stomatitis)

A

Candida albicans

49
Q

dental caries (cariogenic plaque)

A

S. mutans

50
Q

chronic gingivitis

A

prevotella intermedia

51
Q

acute ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent’s disease/trench mouth)

A

fusobacterium, treponema (spirochetes), p. intermedia

52
Q

chronic periodontitis

A

porphyromonas gingivalis

53
Q

localized juvenile periodontitis

A

Aggregatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
porphyromonas gingivalis
prevotella intermedia

54
Q

rhinitis (URT)

A

rhinovirus, coronovirus (virtually any viral ag. of RT, if partially immune)

55
Q

acute sinusitis: viral

A

rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza

56
Q

acute sinusitis: bacterial

A

S. pneumoniae
NTHi
moraxella catarrhalis
multiple an. bac

57
Q

acute epiglottitis

A

Hib

58
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral

A

most common

parainfluenza*, RSV, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus

59
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral-LIKE

A

mycoplasma, chlamydia

60
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: secondary bacterial tracheitis

A

S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. flu, M. catarrhalis

61
Q

bronchitis: neonates (IU/parturition inf.)

A

bac:
Strep agalactiae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum
Chlamydia trachomatis

62
Q

bronchitis viral etiol. in infants/young kids

A

most commonly viral

RSV, hMPV, influenza, parinfluenza, adenovirus

63
Q

bronchitis bac. etiology

A

B. pertussis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae

64
Q

acute bronchitis adult: viral

A

mostly viral

influenza, RSV, parainfluenza virtually any

65
Q

acute bronchitis adult: bac

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis

66
Q

acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB)

A

bac in ~1/2
NTHi, moraxella catarrhalis, S. pneumoniea
viral: influenza, other

67
Q

pertussis (tracheobronchitis)

A

Bordetella pertussis **
other Bordetella
adenovirus
hPIV, RSV, hMPV, M. pneumonia, C. pneumoniae

68
Q

inhalation anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis (ob aerob sporeformer)

69
Q

influenza

A

influenza virus (no shit)

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