T2C1 définitions

Question 1

Transnational firms:

Answer 1

companies with revenues (profit) exceeding 500 million dollars and achieving at least 25% of their production and sales in at least six states.

Question 2

Globalization:

Answer 2

set of flows connecting different areas of the planet

Question 3

Extended Triad:

Answer 3

name given to the three major poles of globalization, including China.

Question 4

BRICS+:

Answer 4

a geopolitical group of ten emerging countries.

Question 5

Multipolarity:

Answer 5

organization of a territory around several poles.

Question 6

Emerging countries:

Answer 6

countries that are integrating into globalization through strong economic growth.

Question 7

Metropolization:

Answer 7

concentration of population and command functions in metropolises.

Question 8

Global cities:

Answer 8

metropolises with global influence.

Question 9

Command functions:

Answer 9

economic, political and cultural powers allowing a metropolis to radiate and spread their influence.

Question 10

Global Megalopolis Archipelago:

Answer 10

the name given to the network of global cities.

Question 11

Megalopolises:

Answer 11

vast urbanized spaces formed by the urban sprawl of several metropolises.

Question 12

Coastalization:

Answer 12

concentration of population and activities on the coasts.

Question 13

Maritime facades:

Answer 13

coastal strip where a group of ports interfaces between a maritime foreland and a terrestrial hinterland.

Question 14

Free zones:

Answer 14

territory benefiting from tax advantages.

Question 15

Development corridors:

Answer 15

territories that have become attractive thanks to the construction of efficient transport infrastructures.

Question 16

Cross-border areas:

Answer 16

regions located on either side of a border and which maintain close cooperation through numerous exchanges.

Question 17

Anti-worlds:

Answer 17

territories that escape all institutional control.

Question 18

Skylines:

Answer 18

urban silhouette drawn on the horizon by skyscrapers.

Question 18

Business districts:

Answer 18

areas where activities with very high financial value are concentrated.

Question 19

Major hubs:

Answer 19

places where flows converge before being redistributed.

Question 20

Public development aid:

Answer 20

donations and loans granted by developed countries to developing countries.

Question 21

Integrated peripheries:

Answer 21

areas dependent on a hub but which benefit from economic spinoffs and benefits.

Question 22

Least developed countries:

Answer 22

UN nomenclature designating the states furthest behind in development.

Question 23

Failed states:

Answer 23

states that do not control their territories and cannot ensure public security.

Question 24

Margins:

Answer 24

areas located on the periphery of an economic center.

Question 25

Territorial fractures:

Answer 25

inequalities marked by socio-economic disparities in access to public services and development within the same territory.

Question 26

Shrinking city: or "city in decline":

Answer 26

a city marked by economic and demographic decline.

Question 27

Gated residences:

Answer 27

enclosed condominiums in which wealthy social classes and categories live.

Question 28

Rural exodus:

Answer 28

movement of rural populations to cities.

Question 29

Diasporas:

Answer 29

populations dispersed, often under duress, in several states different from their country of origin.

Question 30

Mafias:

Answer 30

criminal organizations, run by family clans, based on the infiltration of society and its institutions.

Question 31

Comparative advantages:

Answer 31

assets that favor a territory, such as a qualified workforce or financial markets.

Question 32

Maritimisation:

Answer 32

the process of increasing international flows by sea.

Question 33

Landlocked countries:

Answer 33

countries without a maritime opening.

Question 34

Country risk:

Answer 34

set of political, economic and social factors that can lead to a risk of disaster for companies during a commercial operation in a foreign country: political instability, corruption, health risks, etc.

Question 35

Extreme poverty and low development:

Answer 35

capacity, measured by the HDI, that a State has to satisfy the vital needs of its population.