U1C1 definitions

Question 1

Fishery ressources

Answer 1

animals or plants living in water which are widely exploited

Question 2

aquaculture

Answer 2

the Farming of aquatic species For Comercial purposes

Question 3

Artisanal fishing

Answer 3

is practiced along the coast with small boats

Question 4

Industrial fishing

Answer 4

is carried out on the high seas with trawlers (in French chalutier) fishing boats building a net behind them where the fish is directly processed and packaged

Question 5

What is the disadvantage of aquaculture?

Answer 5

It requires significant fishery resources this production endangers artisanal fishing which is the main fishing practice in developing countries and whose catches depend on the abundance of resources

Question 6

Offshore hydrocarbons

Answer 6

oil and gas extracted from the sea beds

Question 7

Biomass

Answer 7

material of animal or plant origin that can be used as an energy source

Question 8

Argo fuels

Answer 8

fuels produced from algae

Question 9

Where are offshore hydrocarbons mostly exploited?

Answer 9

Offshore hydrocarbons are exploited in the Gulf of Guinea and Mexico as well as in the China sea

Question 10

Where do they want to drill further and deeper?

Answer 10

Arctic, Gulf of Mexico, Alaska, Gulf of Guinea

Question 11

renewable marine energy

Answer 11

energy produced from solar radiation, wind, or swell

Question 12

water stress

Answer 12

a situation in which the quantities of water are insufficient to meet needs such as in the Middle East

Question 12

Polymetallic nodules

Answer 12

(rare nonferrous metals) are present on the seabed

Question 13

Sea water can be ———-

Answer 13

desalinated

Question 14

—- is necessary for all construction roads, building, and especially where?

Answer 14

Sand, in Sierra Leone

Question 15

Which port is the world’s leading cruise port?

Answer 15

Miami

Question 16

Cruise tourism

Answer 16

a form of tourism practiced on cruise ships, involving several stop-overs, from or to a home port

Question 17

Where do most of the cruises take place?

Answer 17

They are also developing in the North Sea and in the China Sea, but also in the Arctic and the Antarctic.

Question 18

Examples of cruises companies?

Answer 18

Cunard Line, Costa Cruises, MSC Cruises

Question 19

seaside tourism

Answer 19

a form of tourism associated with beach visits

Question 20

Cruises are carried out in four major tourist basins

Answer 20

the Caribbean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the China Sea, and the North Sea

Question 21

globalization

Answer 21

connecting territories and economies through flows

Question 22

What are the different kinds of ships?

Answer 22

oil tanker, gas tanker, container ship, and bulk carrier.

Question 23

containerization

Answer 23

transport of freight in standardized-size metal boxes

Question 24

Exemples of asian ports which now dominate global maritime trade:

Answer 24

Shanghai, Singapore, Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong

Question 25

maritimization

Answer 25

an increase in international maritime flows

Question 26

Transport costs and times have significantly ? thanks to technical progress.

Answer 26

decreased

Question 27

Names of shipowners which dominate the market?

Answer 27

Maersk, MSC and COSCO

Question 28

The flows of raw materials are oriented :

Answer 28

South-North, from developing countries and oil-exporting countries to developed and emerging countries.

Question 29

High value-added trade, of finished or semi-finished products, is mainly carried out :

Answer 29

between North America, Europe, and East Asia. They are therefore oriented East-West

Question 30

Laid on the bottom of the seas and oceans, - - - carry from one continent to another, almost instantly and at very low costs via the Internet

Answer 30

fiber optic cables

Question 31

GAFAM

Answer 31

the five most powerful transnational firms in information and communication technologies

Question 31

Maritime facades or seafronts

Answer 31

coastal strips composed of ports forming an interface between a maritime foreland and a hinterland

Question 32

littoralization

Answer 32

concentration of populations and economic activities on the coasts

Question 33

hinterland

Answer 33

land space located behind a port

Question 34

The world's leading port

Answer 34

Shanghai

Question 35

The port of Malta is both a - - (a territory benefiting from tax breaks) and the - - (a place where flows converge before being redistributed) of CMA CGM.

Answer 35

free zone regional hub

Question 35

logistics hubs

Answer 35

storage and redistribution areas for goods

Question 36

Between East Asia, Western Europe, and North America, the _-_ route (circular route on which containers circulate) is deployed

Answer 36

circum-terrestrial

Question 37

The circum-terrestrial is supplemented by specialized routes such as:

Answer 37

Hydrocarbon flows from the Middle East and East Africa to Asia Pacific, Europe, and North America (South-North flow). Iron and coal routes leave from America and Australia (South-North), and agricultural routes from Europe and America (North-South).

Question 38

Mediterraneans

Answer 38

closed or semi-closed seas between two continents

Question 38

Examples of Mediterraneans

Answer 38

the Baltic Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Caspian Sea

Question 39

What are the dangers of passageways such as straits and canals?

Answer 39

the risks of collision and piracy are high

Question 40

straits

Answer 40

narrow arms of the sea connecting two maritime areas

Question 41

Canals

Answer 41

waterways dug to connect maritime areas were dug to optimize transport times and costs.

Question 42

The Suez Canal shortens:

Answer 42

the Europe-Asia journey by connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean

Question 43

The Panama canal shortens:

Answer 43

The latter forms a link between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Isthmus of Panama

Question 44

examples of straits that are located on the world's largest maritime routes and constitute strategic passage points:

Answer 44

Gibraltar, the Bosphorus, Bab-el-Mandeb or Malacca

Question 45

What is the name of the Us military base in the Azores?

Answer 45

Lajes Field, island are integrated in the globalization