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1. Theme 3 > T3 L1: Intro to circulation > Flashcards

T3 L1: Intro to circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of shock?

A

Insufficient perfusion

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2
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Fluid going through tissues

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3
Q

What is syncope?

A

Fainting. It’s caused by hypotension

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4
Q

Circulation from which side of the heart flows in series?

A

Pulmonary (right side)

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5
Q

Circulation from which side of the heart flows in parallel?

A

systemic (left side)

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6
Q

Describe the blood pressure equation

A

BP= cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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7
Q

What happens during systole?

A

The heart is pumping blood (the ventricles contract)

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8
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

The heart is relaxing and being filled with blood (the ventricles relax)

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9
Q

What is a sphygmomanometer measuring and how?

A

Blood pressure by measuring how much pressure in an air-cuff it takes around a arm to block blood flow through the brachial artery

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10
Q

Which type of vessel sets the total peripheral resistance?

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

How much of blood is in veins?

A

nearly 2/3

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12
Q

What are the 3 main layers of a blood vessel and what does each one contain?

A
  1. Intima (contains the endothelium, basement membrane and a lamina propria)
  2. Media (internal elastic membrane and smooth muscle)
  3. Adventitia (vasa vasorum)
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13
Q

Which type of blood vessels don’t have valves?

A

Arteries and capillaries

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14
Q

Which side of the heart has variable flow?

A

The left. Eg. During exercise more blood will flow to muscles

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15
Q

what is the apex beat?

A

At systole, the apex of the heart moves forward and strikes the chest wall

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16
Q

Describe the flow of oxygenated blood around the heart

A
  1. Pulmonary arteries
  2. left atrium
  3. mitral (bicuspid) valve
  4. left ventricle
  5. aortic valve
  6. systemic circulation
17
Q

Describe the flow of deoxygenated blood around the body

A
  1. superior and inferior vena cava
  2. right atrium
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. right ventricle
  5. pulmonary valve
  6. pulmonary arteries
  7. lungs
18
Q

Which heart valves have papillary fibres?

A

The atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid)

19
Q

What is a prolapse?

A

When the papillary fibres of valves fail and the valve starts to turn inside out and therefore doesn’t actually close any more

20
Q

Which valves cause S1?

A

The atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid)

21
Q

Which heart valves cause S2?

A

The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)

22
Q

Which valves close at diastole?

A

Aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar)

23
Q

Which valves close at systole?

A

Mitral and tricuspid (atrioventricular)

24
Q

What are the 2 ways cardiomyocytes can be stimulated?

A

By neighbouring cells or by the conducting system

25
Q

How could formed elements contribute to hypertension?

A

By blocking vessel walls

26
Q

What part of blood doesnt directly contribute to pressure?

A

The formed elements (Eg. red blood cells)

27
Q

Which organ sets blood volume?

A

The kidneys

28
Q

Which 2 systems control the kidenys?

A

The endocrine system and autonomic nervous system

29
Q

What is an afferent atriole?

A

Towards something

30
Q

What is an efferent atriole?

A

Away from something

31
Q

What are the 2 exits of afferent blood in the kideneys?

A

The Bowman’s capsule or the efferent arteriole

32
Q

What is the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

The rate at which fluid enters the Bowman’s capsules

33
Q

What does a high Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) mean to the amount of urine produced?

A

More fluid lost to urine (more urine)

34
Q

What effect does high renal blood flow have on Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

Higher GFR

35
Q

What drug class is used as immediate relief for angina pectoris?

A

Nitrates

36
Q

What is the long term treatment for angina pectoris?

A

Same as for CHD

37
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Chest pain due to over-exertion of heart tissue

38
Q

What is the treatment for an MI?

A

MONA ( Morphine for pain, Oxygen to prevent hypoxia, Nitrates to open vessels and Aspirin to prevent clotting)

39
Q

What is heart failure?

A

When the blood pumps insufficient blood

1. Theme 3 (19 decks)

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