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1. Theme 3 > T3 L6: Introduction to ECG > Flashcards

T3 L6: Introduction to ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is a syncytium?

A

one large ‘cell’ that has many nuclei that are not separated by a cell membrane (Eg. skeletal muscle cells)

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2
Q

What is a functional syncytium?

A

Many cells working as one (Eg. Cardiomyocytes)

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of cardiomyocyte?

A

Pacemaker, conducting and contractile

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4
Q

What is meant by speed of propagation?

A

The time it takes for the signal to get from one part of the heart to another

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5
Q

What is the speed of propagation of arterial and ventricular myocytes?

A

0.3-0.5 m/s

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6
Q

What is the speed of propagation of Purkinje fibres?

A

5 m/s

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7
Q

What is the speed of propagation of the AV node?

A

0.05 m/s

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8
Q

How are cardiomyocytes linked?

A

By low resistance pathways associated with gap junctions at the intercalated disc. Made of connexin

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9
Q

Where is the fibrous skeleton in the heart?

A

It separates the atria and ventricles

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10
Q

What structure conducts impulses from the SA node to the AV node?

A

The internodal bundles

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11
Q

What is the speed of propagation of the internodal bundles?

A

1.0 m/s. Without them, conducting via the atrial muscle would be 0.3-0.5 m/s

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12
Q

What is the delay that the AV node creates?

A

0.1-0.2 s

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the AV node delay?

A

To make sure the ventricles contract after the atria

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14
Q

Why do Purkinje fibres conduct faster?

A

They are large so have less resistance

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15
Q

What does the ECG truly measure?

A

The electrical activity of the heart measured on the skin

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16
Q

What is a Holter monitor?

A

A type of ECG that measures 24/7. Used for diagnosis

17
Q

Where is lead II placed in a 12 lead ECG?

A

Negative on right arm, positive on left leg and ground can go anywhere but usually on the right leg

18
Q

What is a lead?

A

A configuration of electrodes

19
Q

What are bipolar leads?

A

Have a positive and negative end

20
Q

What type of leads are the 12 standard leads made up of?

A

3 bipolar, 3 augmented, and 6 precordial

21
Q

Which lead is used to create the rhythm strip in a 12 lead ECG?

A

lead II

22
Q

What does the P wave show?

A

The depolarisation of atria in response to the SA node triggering

23
Q

What does the PR segment show?

A

The delay of the AV node to allow filling of ventricles

24
Q

What does the PRS complex show?

A

Depolarisation of ventricles triggering main pumping contractions

25
Q

What does the ST segment show?

A

The beginning of ventricle repolarisation. It should be flat and at the same level as PQ

26
Q

What does the T wave show?

A

ventricular repolarisation

1. Theme 3 (19 decks)

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