T5. PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SECRETIONS Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the gallbladder and what is its function?
A pear-shaped sac on the inferior surface of the liver that stores and concentrates bile (up to 20x) by absorbing water and electrolytes.
What is the internal lining of the gallbladder like?
It is lined by highly folded mucosa.
Where does the liver secrete bile?
Into narrow channels between hepatocytes called bile canaliculi.
Where does bile go after being secreted by the liver?
The bile passes through the bile ductules of the triads and into the right and left hepatic ducts.
What is the common hepatic duct?
It is formed by the combination of the bile ductules from the right and left hepatic ducts.
Where does the common hepatic duct lead to?
It leads to the common bile duct near the duodenum.
What happens when the common bile duct meets the pancreatic duct?
It empties its contents into the intestine at the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
What is the function of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
It regulates the passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
What is bile composed of?
Bile contains minerals, cholesterol, fats, phospholipids, bile pigments, and bile salts.
What are bile salts made of?
Bile salts are synthesized from cholesterol and are conjugated with glycine or taurine.
What is bilirubin?
Bilirubin is a pigment derived from the degradation of hemoglobin.
Where is bilirubin produced?
Bilirubin is produced in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
How is bilirubin transported in the body?
It is carried on albumin through the blood to the liver.
Why can’t bilirubin be filtered by the kidneys directly?
Bilirubin is not water-soluble but becomes water-soluble when conjugated with glucuronic acid.
What happens to conjugated bilirubin in the liver?
It is secreted into bile and transported to the small intestine.
What happens to bilirubin after reaching the small intestine?
Bacteria turn it into urobilinogen, which gives feces a brown color.
What are bile salts’ role in digestion?
Bile salts aggregate as micelles, which emulsify fats.
What is the function of the pancreas?
The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland that aids in digestion and regulates blood sugar.
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
It secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine.
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
It secretes insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.
Where is the pancreas located?
The pancreas is posterior to the stomach, with its head encircled by the duodenum.
What is the structure of the pancreatic duct?
The main pancreatic duct runs horizontally through the middle of the gland.
What does the pancreatic duct join with?
It joins the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
What is the role of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
It controls the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
