tannins

Question 1

this term was first applied by Seguin in 1796 to denote substances present in plant extracts which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather.

Answer 1

TANNINS

Question 2

Tannins Is a substance which is detected qualitatively by ___

Answer 2

Tannin Test (Goldbeater’s Skin Test)

Question 3

Tannins Is a substance which is determined quantitatively by its

Answer 3

absorption on standard hide powder.

Question 4

T OR F
Only a few tannins are glycosides

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Tannins are source of fruit acids. Enumerate.

Answer 5

Glycolic
Lactic
Mandelic
Malic
Tartaric
Citric acid

Question 6

T OR F
Tannins are found in mature fruits.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Tannins are found in specific plant parts. Enumerate.

Answer 7

Leaves
Fruits
Barks
Stems

Question 8

Are Found in great quantities in dead or drying cells.

Occur in solution in cell sap, often in distinct vacuoles.

Answer 8

Tannins

Question 9

a mixture of polyphenols and non-crystallizable compounds

Answer 9

Complex Substance

Question 10

This may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as Tannase.

Answer 10

Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 11

Hydrolysable Tannins may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as ____.

Answer 11

Tannase

Question 12

They form several molecules of phenolic acids as Gallic acid and Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid which are united by ester linkages to a central glucose molecules.

Answer 12

Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 13

What are hydrolysable tannins formerly known as?

Answer 13

Pyrogallol Tannins

Question 14

dry distillation, Gallic acid and similar components are converted to

Answer 14

Pyrogallol

Question 15

Hydrolysable Tannins When treated with acids/enzymes

Answer 15

Phenolic Acids (Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid, Glucose)

Question 16

Gallitannins

Answer 16

Gallic Acid

Question 17

Ellagitannins

Answer 17

Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid units

Question 18

Ferric Chloride (Hydrolysable Tannins)

Answer 18

Blue Color

Question 19

Bromides (Hydrolysable Tannins)

Answer 19

No precipitate

Question 20

Condensed Tannins (Proanthocyanidins, Polyflavonoid, Catechol-type, Pyrocatecollic-type tannins)

Answer 20

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 21

Are not readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and they do not contain a sugar moiety.

Answer 21

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 22

Are related to the Flavonoid pigments and have polymeric Flavan-3-ol structures.

Answer 22

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 23

Catechins which also occur with the tannins and Flavan in the biosynthesis of the molecules.

Answer 23

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins

Question 24

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins When treated with acids/enzymes

Answer 24

converted into red insoluble compounds known as Phlobaphenes

Question 25

It gives the characteristic color to many drugs (red cinchona bark)

Answer 25

Phlobaphenes

Question 26

Non-Hydrolysable Tannins when subjected to dry distillation

Answer 26

Catechols called as Catechol Tannins

Question 27

Ferric Chloride (Non-Hydrolysable Tannins)

Answer 27

Greenish

Question 28

Bromides (Non-Hydrolysable Tannins)

Answer 28

Precipitate

Question 29

Are compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the Goldbeater’s skin test

Answer 29

Pseudotannins

Question 30

Pseudotannins are Formed by either linkages between two or more molecules of Phenolic acid:

Answer 30

Digallic and Chlorogenic Acid

Question 31

Pseudotannins And others are derivatives of Flavan

Answer 31

Catechins/Catechols

Question 32

Pseudotannins Example - Gallic Acid:

Answer 32

Rhubarb and most materials which contains gallitannins

Question 33

Pseudotannins Examples - Catechins:

Answer 33

Catechu, Acacia cutch, Kino, Cocoa, Guarana

Question 34

Pseudotannins Examples - Chlorogenic acid:

Answer 34

Unroasted coffee, Nux vomica

Question 35

Pseudotannins Examples - Ipecacuanha acid:

Answer 35

Ipecacuanha

Question 36

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins ▪Heated -

Answer 36

Catechol

Question 37

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins ▪Boiled with HCl -

Answer 37

Insoluble Red Phlobaphenes

Question 38

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Treated with FeCl3 T.S. -

Answer 38

Green Color

Question 39

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins ▪Treated with Bromine T.S. -

Answer 39

Formed Precipitate

Question 40

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannins Examples

Answer 40

Kino Gambir

Question 41

Pyrogallol Tannins ▪ Heated

Answer 41

Pyrogallol

Question 42

Pyrogallol Tannins ▪ Boiled with HCl -

Answer 42

Gallic Acid/Ellagic Acid

Question 43

Pyrogallol Tannins ▪ Treated with FeCl3 T.S. -

Answer 43

Blue Color

Question 44

Pyrogallol Tannins ▪ Treated with Bromine T.S.

Answer 44

No Precipitate

Question 45

Pyrogallol Tannins Examples

Answer 45

Nut gall Oak Bark Pomegranate Bark

Question 46

Tannins Uses

Answer 46

- Antiseptic ❑ Astringent ❑ Antidote for Alkaloidal poisoning ❑ Preservative on leather ❑ Laboratory reagent for protein and alkaloid identification. ❑ Ink industries

Question 47

Antioxidants

Answer 47

- Leucoanthocyanidins ▪ Proanthocyanidins ▪ Pycnogenol

Question 48

Improves peripheral circulation, capillary fragility, retinophaties, inflammatory collagen disease

Answer 48

Grape Seeds - Vitis vinifera Needles and Barks of Pine Tree - Pinus pinaster

Question 49

Tests for Tannins

Answer 49

- Solubility ❑ Reaction with Ferric Salts ❑ Goldbeater’s Skin Test ❑ Phenazone Test ❑ Gelatin Test ❑ Test for Catechin ❑ Test for Chlorogenic Acid

Question 50

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Flowers

Answer 50

Lime Hawthorn

Question 51

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Fruits

Answer 51

Cranberry Grapes Hawthorn

Question 52

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Seeds

Answer 52

Areca Cacao Guarana Kola

Question 53

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Leaves

Answer 53

Hamamelis Hawthorn

Question 54

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Barks

Answer 54

Acacia Cinnamon Hamamelis Oak Willow Wild Cherry

Question 55

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Roots and Rizomes

Answer 55

Krameria Male Fern

Question 56

Plants with Rich Sources of Tannins in Extracts and Dried Juices

Answer 56

Butea Gum Acacia Catechu Mangrove East Indian Kino Eucalyptus Kino

Question 57

High rates of oral esophageal cancer in India and South Africa.

Answer 57

Habitual Chewing of Betel Nut

Question 58

Lower incidence of esophageal cancer in British than Dutch.

Answer 58

Drinking of Ordinary Tea

Question 59

TANNIN-RICH PLANT FAMILIES

Answer 59

❑ Combretaceae - Quisqualis ❑ Geraniaceae - Geraniums ❑ Leguminosae – Acacia, Tamarind ❑ Myrtaceae – Eucalyptus, Guava ❑ Polygonaceae – Buckwheat ❑ Rosaceae – Red rose ❑ Rubiaceae – Gambir ❑ Theaceae – Tea

Question 60

❑ Plant polyphenols ❑ “Tannin Extracts” ❑ Non-crystallizable

Answer 60

Tannins

Question 61

❑ Precipitate proteins ❑ Sharp “puckering” taste

Answer 61

Tannins