Task 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Define the term cancer
Cancer is a mass build up of cells which have reproduced too fast, mutation can occur.
Describe the process of DNA replication
opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands
the priming of the template strand
the assembly of the new DNA segment
Define mitosis
process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
Stages of mitosis
prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase
What is the cell cycle
Process of chromosomes and other cells material double to make two daughter cells
What are the stages of the cells cycle
Interphase- G1 G2 and S phase
M phase - mitosis
What are the functions and checkpoints of each stage
G1- replicates DNA, dna check and size check
G2- preparation for mitosis, cell size
S- Cell replication
What are the hallmarks of a cencer cell
Metastasis
Define malignant and benign tumors
Malignant tumors are fast growing and replicated quickly
Benign are slow growing and non invasive
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a chnage in r group bases in amino acids this results in a chnage in DNA coding and sequence changing rhe overall gene
What do oncogenes do
Progression of a cell from one stage to another and is controlled by proteins
What do tumor suppressor genes do
Control the rate of cell division, without it causes cell division
What do DNA repair genes do
They’re proteins which check DNA to see if it’s damaged and if it is repairs it also
What are mutagens
Mutagens are anything that can cause mutations
What is carcinoma
Occurs when epithelial cells lining the external part of the body or internal organs
What is Sarcoma
Cancer in the connective tissues like muscles, bones and fat
What is Melanoma
Cancer of the cells that makes pigment in skin
What is Leukemia
Cancer in the blood
What is Lymphoma
Cancers of the lymphatic system
What is chemotherapy? When is it used? When is it not used?
Chemo is a cancer treatment where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. Used if cancer has spread or if there is a risk of spreading. Not used when risks outweighs the benefits/possible outcomes of cancer
What is chemotherapy? When is it used? When is it not used?
Chemo is a cancer treatment where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. Used if cancer has spread or if there is a risk of spreading. Not used when risks outweighs the benefits/possible outcomes of cancer
What is surgery? When is it used? When is it not used?
Cutting out surgically/removal of cancerous or possible cancerous cells. When the cancer is on the skin. If there is a large patch of cancer cells and other treatments will benefit from it
What is radiotherapy? When is it used? When is it not used?
Radiation therapy is when radiation us targeted at a specific part of the body to either kill or control cancer cells. It’s used in early stages of cancer or when the cancer has spread. Its not recommend to use when cancers are resistant to radiation
What is combination therapy? When is it used? When is it not used?
Therapy that combines more than one method of treatment. Used when people with advanced cancers that aren’t suitable for radiation therapy. Shouldn’t be used when the patient is undergoing other drug treatments at rhe same time
