TB, HIV, and Hepatitis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in TB, HIV, and Hepatitis Deck (52)
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1
Q

Is latent TB infectious?

A

No

2
Q

How often does latent TB develop into active TB?

A

10%

3
Q

What is military TB?

A

Carried to all parts of the body

4
Q

Who is at risk for TB?

A

Immunocompromised: DM, HIV, cancer, DM, renal failure, steroid therapy, debilitative state
Close contact: boarding schools, homeless shelters

5
Q

Where is TB seen on CXR?

A

Upper lobes

6
Q

Signs and symptoms of TB?

A

Cough, fever, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, night sweats, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis

7
Q

What is the only diagnostic test for TB?

A

sputum test

8
Q

When should you test for resistance for TB, and what is defined as resistance?

A

Always, Drug resistant is resistant to one drug, while multi drug resistant is resistant to more than one drug

9
Q

How do you check the TST?

A

Based solely on induration, not erythema

10
Q

DD for TB?

A

Penumonia, pneumoitis, neoplasm, fungal infection, sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis

11
Q

What do you monitor for Isoniazid?

A

liver function and peripheral neuropathy. Can cause dark urine

12
Q

What will occur with rifampin?

A

Dark urine

13
Q

Side effects of pyrazinamide?

A

GI, myalgia, and arthralgia

14
Q

What do you do for Ethambutol?

A

baseline eye exam, visual acuity and color vision, CBC and CNS

15
Q

What’s the preferred therapy for TB?

A

Direct observation therapy for drug resistant, intermittent therapy, and risk for non adherence

16
Q

Functions of the liver?

A

Bile, eliminiates biliruben, metabolizes hormones and drugs, syntehsizes proteins, glucose storage, stores minerals and vitamins, converts ammonia to urea, converts fatty acids to ketones, filters the blood for metabolites and bacteria

17
Q

Different causes of acute hepatitis?

A

Autoimmune, drugs, toxins, infections (bacteria, virsuses)

18
Q

How are the different forms of viral hepatitis separated?

A

Only by serology

19
Q

Three stages of hepatitis?

A

Prodromal, icteric, convalescent

20
Q

Hep A transmission?

A

Fecal oral route

21
Q

DD for hepatitis A?

A

Mono, cancer, obstructive jaundice, ETOH hepatitis or cirrhosis, liver injury, food poisoning, HIV acute, CMV

22
Q

How do you test for Hep A

A

IgM and IgG

23
Q

How do you transmit hep b?

A

blood or body fluids

24
Q

How often does Hep B become chronic?

A

6-10%,

25
Q

Labs for evaluation of Hep B?

A

HIV, GGT, genotype and viral load, serum iron, liver panel, abdominal imaging

26
Q

Nomenclature for Hepatitis?

A
E- envolope- center
C- core- middle
S- surface, outside
Ag- antigen from virus
Ab- antibody from host
27
Q

HBeAg?

A

active viral repilation

28
Q

HBcAb?

A

Previous exposure

29
Q

HBsAb?

A

Immunity

30
Q

HBsAg?

A

Persistant virus

31
Q

How do you treat HBV?

A

With GI MD. Most important carcinogen after tobacco.

32
Q

Treatment for HBV exposure?

A

HB IG within 48 hours

33
Q

Who get’s immunized?

A

MSM, all infants

34
Q

How is Hep C contracted?

A

Primarily through infected blood

35
Q

Incubation for hepatitis C?

A

14-180 days, with average of 45 days

36
Q

Who develops symptoms and percentage that develop into chronic HCV?

A

20-30 develop acute symptoms, and 70-85% develop chronic HCV

37
Q

Labs for HCV?

A

AntiHCV, HCV RNA PCR, genotyping, LFTs, ETOH, CBC, pregnancy test, TSH, A1C

38
Q

Who do you screen for HCV?

A

Born 1945-1965, IVDU, recipient of clotting factors before 1987, HD

39
Q

Shortest timeline treatment for active TB? Usually length of treatment?

A

6 months is shortest treatment

9 months is usual treatment

40
Q

Test results for >5 mm, >10 mm, and >15 mm

A

> 5- HIV, immunocompromised, transplant, CXR healed TB
10- foreigners, medically underserved, IVDU, risk factors, all other medical conditions that could predispose somebody like DM, cancer, gastric surgery
15 all other person

41
Q

Who should receive hepatitis a vaccine?

A

Recent infection, acute infection, children, MSM, IVDU, occupational risk, clotting disorder

42
Q

treatment for hepatitis A?

A

usually self limiting, can do IgG within two weeks

43
Q

Treatment for hepatitis B?

A

Only do medications for chronic hepatitis B virus.

44
Q

Chronicity rate for hepatitis B?

A

5-10%

45
Q

Treatment cure for HCV?

A

Sustained virology response for 24 weeks after then end of treatment

46
Q

What should you do for people with hepatitis ABC?

A

Screen for alcoholism and cessation?

47
Q

How long is Genotype 1 treated for HCV and Genotype 2, 3, and 4

A

Genotype 1 is 48 weeks

Genotype 2, 3, and 4 is 24 weeks

48
Q

Most common cause of ALT and AST?

A

Fatty liver

49
Q

What does HBeAG and HBsAg suggest

A

Infected
HBeAg- active viral replication
HBsAg- persistant virus

50
Q

What does IgM anti HBc suggest?

A

Acute infection

51
Q

What does HBcAb suggest?

A

Pervious exposure

52
Q

What does HBsAb suggest?

A

Immunity