TEAS- science pt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
steps in scientific method
A
formulate problem hypothesis experiment observation conclusion
2
Q
used to measure luminous intensity
A
candela
3
Q
used to measure the amount of a substance at molecular level
A
mole
4
Q
used to measure electric current
A
ampere
5
Q
proton donor
A
acid
6
Q
proton acceptor
A
base
7
Q
definite volume and shape
A
solid
8
Q
solid has low or high density
A
high density
9
Q
least movable matter
A
solid
10
Q
volume remains constant but it assumes shape of its container
A
liquid
11
Q
liquid has high or low density
A
low
12
Q
assumes volume and shape of its container
A
gas
13
Q
gas has high or low density
A
low
14
Q
higher concentration to lower concentration
A
diffusion
15
Q
area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration
A
osmosis
16
Q
3 types of passive transport
A
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
17
Q
form of heat transfer that requires contact
A
conducton
18
Q
most basic type of matter
A
element
19
Q
how capable an atom is of attracting a pair of bonding elements
A
electronegativity
20
Q
located in small intestine, protect digestive tract from pathogens
A
peyer’s patch
21
Q
each kidney consists of what 3 layers
A
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
22
Q
regulate metabolism and secrete thyroxine, calcitonin, and tridothyronie
A
thyroid gland
23
Q
controls caridac function; increase blood sugar and controls size of blood vessels
A
adrenal medulla
24
Q
monitors blood sugar level; help in lipid and protein metabolism
A
adrenal cortex
25
temperature of body is controlled by a negative feedback system which consists of 3 things
control center- hypothalamus
receptors- sensory cells
effector- sweat glands, blood vessels, muscles
26
how many muscles in human body
over 600
27
3 parts of midbrain
tectum
tegmentum
ventral tegmentum
28
forebrain includes
cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus
29
hindbrain includes
medulla oblongata
pons
cerebellum
30
located behind stomach, have exocrine and endocrine tissues
pancreas
31
liver functions
```
produce bile
produce cholesterol
produce blood plasma proteins
regulate amino acids
regulate blood clot
storage of glycogen
conversion of ammonia to urea
purification of blood
```
32
largest gland
liver
33
liver has how many lobes
4
34
liver's functional units
lobules
35
protein digestion begins in the
stomach
36
located behind stomach and below diaphragm, filters blood stores of RBCs and macrophagus
spleen
37
diaphragm relax
intercostal muscles relax
size of chest cavity decreases
exhalation (expiration)
38
diaphragm contracts and moves down
size of chest cavity increases
ribs expand
intercostal muscles contract
inhalation (inspiration)
39
how does respiratory system maintain acid-base homeostasis
hyperventilation to increase the pH during acidosis
| slow breathing to decrease the pH during alkalosis
40
airway is lined with ___ that trap microbes and debris and sweep them back into mouth
cilia
41
digestive system develops from
endoderm
42
muscular system develops from
mesoderm
43
nervous system develops from
ectoderm
44
entire cell cycle in animals takes
24 hours
45
appendages extending from surface of cell, causes cell to move
cilia
46
tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements to help cell move
flagella
47
4 functions of mitochondrai
energy
cell signaling
cell differentiation
cell cycle and growth regulation
48
___ consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell
cytoskeleton
49
who developed the theory of evolution
charles darwin
50
3 types of lipids
fatty acids
phospholipids
steroids
51
2 types of fatty acids
saturated- no double bond and solid
| unsaturated- double bond and liquid
52
largest of biological molecules
proteins
53
most important component of the cell
cell membrane
54
glycolysis takes place where?
cytosol/cytoplasm
55
kreb's cycle or citric acid cycle takes place where?
matrix of mitochondria
56
glucose-->pyruvate
glycolysis
57
for each glucose molecule how much ATP is produced in ETC?
28-32 ATP
58
photosynthesis consists of two stages
light reactions
| calvin cycle
59
two types of asexual reproduction
mitosis
| binary fission
60
examples of steroids
cholesterol
testosterone
estrogen
61
which of the following properties is responsible for the passage of water through a plant?
cohesion
62
contain carbon
- glucose, guanine, triacylgycerol
- carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
organic
63
don't contain carbon
| -minerals: potassium, iron, sodium
inorganic
64
adenine and guanine are ___
purines
65
cytosine and thymine and uracil are ___
pyramidines
66
adenine pairs with
thymine or uracil
67
guanine pairs with
cytosine
68
2 types of fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
lactic acid
| alcohol
69
yeast is involved in ____ fermentation
alcohol
70
fungi and bacteria or sometimes humans are involved in ___ fermentation
lactic acid
71
most common type of fermentation
alcohol
72
meiosis creates genetic variation in what 3 ways
crossing over
random fertilization
independent assortment
73
an elaborate cellular signaling mechanism that determines when a cell dies
-prevents overgrowth
apoptosis
74
DNA replication 3 steps
initiation
elongation
termination
75
charles law deals with
volume and temperature
76
most abundant biomolecules
carbohydrates
77
freezing point of water
0C or 32F
78
boiling point of water
100C or 212F
79
body temp
37C or 98.6F
80
Celsius->Farhenheit
9/5x+32
81
farhenheit-->celsius
-32, 5/9x
82
celsius-->kelvin
+273
83
kelvin-->celsius
-273
84
farhenheit-->kelvin
+460, 5/9x
85
kelvin-->farhenheit
9/5x-460
86
freezing point in kelvin
273
87
boiling point in kelvin
373 K
88
body temp in kelvin
310
89
homogenous mixture of 2 substances
solution
90
mixture of different elements to create a single matter
compounds
91
mixtures of matter that are readily separate such as water and oil
emulsion
92
strongest bond
covalent (usually nonmetal and nonmetal)
93
3 types of intermolecular forces
hydrogen
dipole-dipole
dispersion forces
94
weakest of all forces
dispersion forces (london dispersion forces)
95
largest of radiation
alpha
96
can generally be stopped by a piece of paper
alpha
97
high energy, high speed electrons
| -stopped by a thin sheet of alumnium foil, plastic
beta
98
similar to x-rays but with more energy
- very penetrating
- can go through concrete or lead
gamma
99
contains the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes of mitochondria
matrix
100
folds of matrix are called
cristae
101
meaning towards the head
cephalad or cephalic
102
toward the tail or posterior
caudad
103
upper respiratory includes
```
nose
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx
larynx
```
104
lower respiratory includes
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
105
airway includes
```
nose
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx (throat)
larynx (voice box)
trachea
bronchi
bronchial network
```
106
an adult human has about how much blood
5 quarts
107
flow of blood to the heart tissue
- blood enters the coronary arteries, which branch off aorta, supplying major arteries, which enter the heart with oxygenated blood
- deoxygenated blood returns to right atrium through cardiac veins which empty into coronary sinus
coronary circulation
108
the flow of blood between heart and lungs
- deoxygenated blood flows from right ventricle to the lungs through pulmonary arteries
- oxygenated blood flows back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
pulmonary circulation
109
flow of blood to the entire body with the exception of coronary circulation and pulmonary circulation
-blood exits the left ventricle through the aorta, which branches into carotid arteries, suclavian arteries, common iliac arteries, renal artery
systemic circulation
110
secretes hormones and is major site of lymphocyte production
thymus
111
increases heart rate
signals adrenal glands to sercrete adrenaline
trigger dilation of pupils
slows digestion
sympathetic
112
decreases heart rate
signals adrenal glands to stop secreting adrenaline
constricts pupils
returns digestion process to normal
parasympathetic
113
myofibrils contain two protein microfilaments
myosin (thick)
| actin (thin)
114
dark bands (striations) in skeletal muscles are formed when
thick and thin filaments overlap
115
external structure of male reproductive system
penis
scrotum
testes
116
contains the urethra, can fill with blood and become erect, enabling the deposition of semen and sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse
penis
117
sac of skin and smooth muscle that houses the testes and keeps the testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis
scrotum
118
male gonads, which produce sperm and testosterone
testes or testicles
119
internal structure of male reproductive system includes
```
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
seminal vessicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
```
120
stores the sperm as it matures
epididymis
121
secrete alkaline fluids with proteins and mucus into the ejaculator duct
seminal vesicles
122
secretes a milky white fluid with proteins and enzymes as part of the semen
prostate gland
123
known as cowper's glands that secrete a fluid into urethra to neutralize the acidity in the urethra
bulbourethral gland
124
stimulates spermatogenesis
FSH
125
stimulates testosterone production
LH
126
responsible for male sex characteristics
testosterone
127
external portion of female reproductive
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
bartholin's glands
128
enclose and protect vagina
labia majora and minora
129
secrete a lubricating fluid in vagina
bartholin's glands
130
contains erectile tissue and nerve endings for sensual pleasure
clitoris
131
internal portion of female reproductive
uterus
fallopian tubes
ovaries
vagina
132
female gonads
ovaries
133
produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
134
muscular tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body
vagina
135
isotopes denoted by element symbol preceded in _____
mass number
| atomic number
136
atoms of the same element may bond together to form ____ or crystalline solids
molecules
137
decrease reaction rates
inhibitors
138
synthesis reaction is also known as
combination
| addition
139
decomposition reaction is also known as
desynthesis
decombination
dconstruction
140
acid and base react to form
water and salt
141
sequence of chemical reactions involving fuel and an oxidant that produces heat and sometimes light
combustion reaction
142
combustion reaction is considered endotehrmic or exothermic?
exothermic
143
piece of lab glassware used to accurately dispense liquid
burette
144
are used for precise measurements and are considered more accurate than flasks or beakers
graduated cylinder
145
most accurate balance
electronic balance
