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Project Management Year 1 > Technology Studies > Flashcards

Technology Studies Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Mast Climbers (6)

A 
Reduced Access Time
Single 5000kg Double 10,000kg
Increased Capacity
Improved Safety 
Reduced Damage Risk to Components 
Reduces fixing period by 40%
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2
Q

Scaffolds

A

Useful for lightweight panels in not high rise projects

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3
Q

Tower / Mobile Cranes

A

Can be slow and expensive

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4
Q

Influence on choice of panels (5)

A 
Size and Weight
Method of fixing 
Fixing plant requirements 
Access to the building
Scaffold or fixing from internal floors
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5
Q

Beam and Block Floor (5)

A 
Also known as Beam and Pot
Wide range of block available :
Beam + Polystyrene / Precast and Infill block
Depth of prestressed varies 100-200mm 
Depends on span/loading
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6
Q

Metal Deck Floor (7)

A

Metal deck shot fired to supporting steelwork Lat stability
Shear bolts fitted to tie to main frame
Fabric reinforced / topping (concrete)
On site floor construction
Design varies sizes / shape / finishes
Various thickness depends span between beams
Incorporated into multi-storey steel framed buildings

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7
Q

Precast Concrete Floor (3)

A

Wide range of hollow and shallow designs
Depth varies 600-1200mm
Requires heavy plant for lifting

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8
Q

Precast Plank Floor (6)

A 
Permanent replace to a formwork soffit suspended floor
50-100mm thick
High quality due to factory production
Design flexibility
Fire and sound resistant 
Speed of erection
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9
Q

In-situ Concrete Framing Advantages (4)

A

Flexible Design
Strong monolith
Everything produced on site
Simple construction method

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10
Q

In-situ Concrete Framing Disadvantages (4)

A

Difficult to change
Errors are expensive to fix
Quality checks require
Labour intensive

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11
Q

Precast Concrete Frames (5)

A 
Relatively fast to build
High quality due to prefab
Less labour on site
Requires heavy lifting plant  
Logistical Difficulties
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12
Q

Steel Frames (6)

A 
Completely built off site
Complex structures trial erected
Easy to Assemble
Less labour on site
Logistical difficulties 
Requires additional fire protection
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13
Q

Commercial Structural Considerations (4)

A

Time of Construction
Practical Design
Floor Area
Possible Changes

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14
Q

Residential Structural Considerations (4)

A

Quality
Insulation
Protection - Security and Fire
Durability

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15
Q

Portal Frames (5)

A

Use of continues or rigid frame allows for extra space
Wide Spans 60m+
Prefab components fast construction
Stress/frame deflectio taken pin/pockete (deep foundat)
Can have future expansions

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16
Q

Materials for Portal Frames (4)

A

Precast Concrete
Steel
Lattice Steel
Wood and Glulam

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17
Q

Diaphragm Walls (5)

A

Excavating a trench before main excavation
Bentonite used to stabilise excavation
Prefab reinforcement is lowered
Concrete pumped replacing reusable bentonite

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18
Q

Contiguous Bored Piling (5)

A 
Bored in-site piles with grout between them
Placed as near to each other as possible
CFA or Rotatory Bored Piles can be used
Alone not waterproof grout is needed
Can incorporate ground anchors
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19
Q

Secant Piling (Stent Walls) (4)

A

Excav / Formwork / Concrete guide walls / remove form
Insert :
PFA Piles / Reinf concrete piles creates continuous wall
Break Guide walls
Insert capping beam

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20
Q

Ground Water Permanent Methods (8)

A 
Sheet steel piling
Ground Anchors
H Piles
Infill Panels
Secant Piles
Diaphragm Walls
Continous Piles
Cement and Chemical Grounding
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21
Q

Ground Water Temporary Methods (7)

A 
De-Watering
Well-Pointing
Use of Pumps
Ground Freezing
Temporary Sheet Piling
Bitumen Grout
Electro-Osmosis
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22
Q

Concrete Handling Techniques (3)

Cranes / Skips

A

Small and Medium Pours
Site Mixed / Site Batching Plant / Ready Mix
Requires Crane and Various Skip Types

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23
Q

Concrete Handling Techniques (6)

Pumping

A

400-700 quid a day to hire
Cost / Time effective for large quantities
Cheap for small pours too
Requires careful logistical planning
Labour intensive - levelling and finishing
Requires pumping equipment

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24
Q

Piling Techniques (3)

A

Displacement
Replacement
Vibro-Replacement

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25
Replacement Piles Types (2)
Percussion Bored - Small and Medium sized project | Rotary Bored - Any Project
26
Site Layout Planning (5)
``` Security / Fencing / Entrance Gates Location of offices / accommodation / other site service Welfare facilities Traffic Movement Plan Storage of Plant and Materials ```
27
Traffic Movement Plan (4)
Temporary Roads Movement Corridors Hardstandings Access Points
28
Site Types - Open Field (6)
``` Housing estates / factory development Easy Access A lot of space to use - storage Allows for most efficient and effective construction May be far away from roads Requires new local infrastructure ```
29
Site Types - Long and Thin (5)
``` Restricted Width Complicated movement corridor on site Logistical Difficulties Allows for limited construction methods May cause problems and additional cost ```
30
Site Types - Restricted (7)
Tight site in cities / industrial improvement works Occupies whole footprint / high % of site Restricted access / care in planning required Complex storage and equipment arrangements Complex logistical arrangements Potential difficulties with crane / surrounding parties Often required basement construction
31
Advantages of Prefab Construction (10)
``` Value for Money Standardisation Minimal Wastage Minimal Defects Better Quality Control Minimal Environmental Impact Greater efficiency and productivity Increase in predictability More rapid on-site construction BIM can be used ```
32
Disadvantages of Prefab Construction (4)
Need for Fabrication sites Increased cost of late changes New methods of construction Limited tolerance
33
Demolition Disadvantages (4)
Dangerous Requires a lot of planning and Preparation Requires heavy plant Labour intensive
34
Methods of Demolition (5)
``` Human operatives (small projects) Collapse Pulling / Pushing Wrecking Ball Implosion (Technical Explosion) ```
35
Buildability Definition
The extent to which the design of the building facilitates ease of construction, subject to the overall requirements of the finished building
36
Buildability Factors of Influence (4)
Design Technical requirements Resource requirements Future of project
37
Three Types of Basement Construction (3)
In-Situ Concrete Basement Traditional Brick Basement Pre-cast Concrete Basement
38
In-Situ Concrete Basement (4)
Construct Floor Slab Construct Walls / Reinforcement / Formwork / Concrete Construct Roof Slab in-situ or precast Water bar may be included in walls/joints (sealing)
39
Traditional Brick Basement Construction (8)
``` Construct Floor Slab Asphalt Floor Surface Construct Inner Brick Wall Asphalt Wall Protective Brickwork Skin Construct Inner Floor Construct Roof Slab Require waterproofing in asphalt form ```
40
Precast Concrete Basements (4)
Construct Floor slab / Reinforce / Formwork / Concrete Erect Precast Walls Construct Roof Slab precast or In-Situ Single wall / double wall / infill with concrete
41
Water going to be a problem Basements | Excavation over a large area
Steel Sheet Piling is required | Single face support the only option
42
Ground Anchors (3)
Permission needed under public land (trespass) Authorities impose conditions (not allow 2m near sewer) Adjoining neighbours issue, reject alternatives needed
43
Diaphragm Wall Disadvantages (3)
Specialist technique Personnel Required Expensive
44
``` Sheet Pile H Pile (3) ```
Provides cut-off to ground water entry Placed Vertically around the excavation Concrete slabs connected in between Act as permanent supp and surface for basement wall
45
Pile Foundations Definition / Fact (3)
Transfer the load of the structure to the bearing ground. The main components are the pile and the piling cap Main materials for the pile is steel, wood and concrete
46
Four Types of Piling
Displacement - Precast Driven Replacement - CFA used 4 storey steel framed building Vib-rep - Impro weak soil bearing cap w/ stone column Mini-Piling System - Used for Life Shaft Base
47
End Bearing | Friction
Load carried through weak onto firm strata | Load transfered into surrounding soil by friction of pile
48
Vibro-Replacement Wet / Dry Technique
Water jetting forming hole prior to stone being placed | Vibrator to form hole then fed with dry stone
49
Three Types of Concrete Frame
Column and Beam Frames Flat Slab Construction Crosswall Construction
50
Advantages of In-Situ Concrete (5)
``` Amenable to almost any shape Connections homogenous to rest of structure Resistant to disaster Whole production on site Design can proceed with construction ```
51
Disadvantages of In-Situ Concrete (3)
Subsequent alterations very difficult Errors in setting out formwork Reinf / formwork Labour intensive / On site plant
52
Column and Beam Frame (2)
Have downstand beams | Integral part of construction
53
Formwork
The process of creating a mould for which concrete is poured in
54
Shuttering
Most popular type of formwork | Timber / plywood must be waterproof
55
Formwork Considerations (5)
Type of concrete and temperature Need to resist the dead load of wet and dry concrete High quality workmanship and checking required Retain its shaped, propped vertically/horizontally Materials should be appropriate for reuse
56
Portal Frame Building Examples (3)
Warehouses Factories Leisure Centres
57
Rigid Portal Frame (4)
Rigid Joint at Base Rigid Joint to connect haunch/roof Haunch may be incorporated Apex Joint
58
Steel Portal Frame Cladding / Bracing
Vertical columns introdu at gables to support cladding | Wall / roof bracing req at selected bays end of building
59
Portal Frame Profile Examples (4)
Skylight Asymmetrical Symmetrical Curved Rafter
60
Lattice Portal Frame (4)
Open grid of steel angles or tubular members Pinned joints at apex or stanchion 1/2/3 pin joints available Pin joint supports stanchion reduces bending moment
61
Lattice Portal Frame Requirements (3)
Adequate wind and side bracing Portals are normally spaced at 6m centres Variety of roof/wall claddings are available
62
Fixing Small Panels (3)
Mast Climber Scaffold Hydraulic Platforms (Scissor Lift)
63
Panel Examples Scissor Lift Mast Climber
Lightweight Aluminium Panels fixed onto the face | Brickwork Panels
64
Storey Height Panels (2)
Heavy cladding panels held in position by steel plates and connectors fitted to the ends of floors or onto the wall face of the building Glass storey hei panels, crane w/ mast climb fixing gang
65
Internal Fitting Storey Height Panel (3)
Mini hydraulic floor crane Panel lifted from trolley from floor below Panel lowered into position and fitted to bracket slots
66
Cantilever Boxes (2)
Fixed between floors of a building | Loading materials to be fitted
67
Structural Insulated Panels (5)
``` Rapid erection for domestic and commercial use Ideal backing for overfixing rainscreen Made from Orientated Strand Board Used for floor/roof/wall of a building Continuity of insulation and air leakage ```
68
Benefits of SIPs (7)
``` Environmentally friendly Speed of insulation Strong and lightweight Factory produces (defects/quality) Minimal waste/max recycling High insulation values Extern finishes render, rainscreen, weatherboardd, bricks ```
69
Rainscreen (3)
Allows for the deflection of most of the rain Gap between to allow air movement Space prevents water from penetrating the wall
70
Curtain Wall Definition / Idea
A wall surrounding a building but doesn't support roof. | Only support own weight/weight imposed upon them
71
Typical Curtain Wall composed of
A lightweight aluminium frame | Glass / opaque panels can be fixed
72
Stick Systems (2)
Installed piece by piece | Glazing inserted into frame from out/inside dep access
73
Unitised Systems (3)
Prefab off site and delivered in panels Factory produced quality / defects Low installation time
74
Pre-Contract Stage (3)
Site Layout Planning Construction Methods Safety Procedures
75
Contractors Pre-Contract Meeting (3)
Announce award of contract Distribute tender analysis data to QS Propose/appoint contractor site management team
76
Site Hazard Board | Site Layout Proposal
Located adjacent to site mess / office facilities | Approved by PM / Client
77
Site Layout Plan Major Plant / Sub Contract / Vehicles (4)
Siting of major plant Locat/radius tower crane - site access roads / storage Separate storage for sub contractor materials Vehicle Parking - parking elsewhere causes disputes
78
Welfare Facilities (3)
Drying facilities Signing in Toilets
79
Site Security (4)
Site fencing / hoarding Secure entry gates 24 hour video security
80
Other Site Considerations Sign Pedestrians Access areas
- Pedestrian access routes to work areas - Space around building for the provision of scaffolding, hoists and access areas to the base of hoists - Site signage – directory, safety and warnings
81
Advantages of Precast Concrete Structures (5)
``` Manufacture off site Speeds up erection time Quality assurance Reduced onsite labour Doesn't require formwork ```
82
Disadvantages of Precast Concrete Structures (5)
``` Design complete before build Last minute alteration impossible More expensive Care in handling / protection Damage to elements delay construction ```
83
Steel Frame Disadvantages (3)
Inaccuracies in manufacture Fire proofing needed Safe working conditions during erection difficult
84
Faster Buildings (4)
Simple forms Few technical activities Readily replaceable resources Extensive and similar workplaces
85
Slower Buildings (4)
Complex Many technical activities / Different activities Unique resources Many small and differing workplaces
86
Construction Material Waste (4)
Design Waste - Cutting to fit Take-off/Specifi Waste - Excessive materials delivered Delivery Waste - Incorrect specification Site Waste - Poor storage
87
Cladding Requirements (5)
``` Self supporting between framing members Provide rain resistance Resist positive/negative wind pressure Thermal / sound insulation Fire resistance ```
88
Plant Selection Determined (10)
``` Workloads for handling Range of weights / packaging Work carried out and outputs required Access between unloading / point of fixing Character of site and boundaries Pollution Sequence of events Temporary roads Time of year Obstructions above / below ground ```
89
Geography of the site (9)
Geological conditions - clay, rock, sand, flint, gravel Natural drainage of site Slope characteristics - gentle / steep / plant impact Access to site Overhead - power lines / preserved trees Below - gas/water/electric / existing drainage Offloading Plant over swing Noise limitations
90
Large / Small Displacement Pile
Solid pile - timber / concrete | Rolled steel like H-pile
91
Replacement Pile (3)
Boring / other methods of excavation Bore hole lined with casing / tube Left in place or extracted after use
92
Pile Classification (3)
Large Displacement Small Displacement Replacement
93
CFA Piles
Vibration free Reduced noise Soft water bearing ground

Project Management Year 1 (13 decks)

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