511 > tendons > Flashcards

tendons Flashcards

(85 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

tenocyte

A

a specialized type of fibroblasts that make up the majority of tendon tissue and function to maintain ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tissue structure for tendons

A

mainly is dense CT (type 1 collagen), but also a bit of loose CT embedded within (nerves and blood); longitudinal arrays of tenocytes are also present here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of tenocytes

A

to maintain the ECM (collagen mainly) of tendons and mechanotransduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chronic lacerations

A

can occur when there is a closed laceration that is often not diagnosed early, causing is to develop into a chronic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

complex tendon laceration

A

is a laceration that involves other structures like bone or muscles; healing progress is longer in there injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tendon retraction

A

is a reduction in length of a tendon, pulling on other muscles fibres; can occur with tendon lacerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most common location for tendon lacerations

A

the hand or wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common risk factors for tendon lacerations

A

assaults and workplace injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

risk population for tendon lacerations

A

males, mid 30s, and workers using cutting tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pathophysiology of tendon lacerations

A

is a rupture of tendon, fibres, shealth, and associated vessels, leading to inflammation of tendon and paratenon, leading to loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diagnostic tests for tendon lacerations

A

usually is obvious, but also includes active and passive ROM tests, US, and X-ray (former two are used for closed lacerations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment for tendon lacerations

A

almost always surgery, but sometimes only splint, wound debridement, early ROM, and NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

example of tendon laceration not requiring surgery

A

distal laceration of finger extensor tendons; can be treated with just splint immobilization for about 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure of tendon tissues during healing

A

decreased type 1 collagen, increased type 3 collagen, increased water content, and increased vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

time of healing for distal extensor tendon laceration

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

time of healing for achilles laceration

A

10-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

goals of PTs working with tendon laceration

A

ensure compliance with post OP restrictions, stimulate tissue repair via gradual loading, maintain ROM (most important) and tendon gliding, and pain control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complications of tendon lacerations

A

adhesions (causing loss of gliding function), joint stiffness, and fibrosis in joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can help reduce adhesions for tendon lacerations?

A

mechanotherapy or surgery can be used to break them up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why does loss of gliding in tendons occur with lacerations?

A

because scarring and fibrous tissue causing adhesions in the sheath layer restricts the ability to glide between tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why does joint stiffness occur with tendon lacerations?

A

due to cartilage cells dying and stimulating an inflammatory response within the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

criteria for a partial tendon rupture

A

<50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

risk factors for tendon ruptures

A

30-40 years is peak but age is a risk factor, sports, males (5:1 ratio), spring time, increased BMI, diabetes, and use of certain antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ratio of tendon ruptures between males and females

A

5:1 for males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
why does an increased BMI cause increased risk of tendon rupture?
due to more load placed on the tendons and circulating cytokines in the adipose tissue
26
why does diabetes increase the risk for tendon rupture?
because high blood sugar levels cause higher levels of AGEs in the bloodstream that can cause collagen to become more brittle, reducing its ability to absorb energy/force
27
AGEs
advanced glycation end products; these are a result of high blood sugar levels in those with diabetes and decrease the strength of collagen
28
what antibiotics pose a higher risk for tendon rupture?
fluoroquinolones class, ex. ciprofloxacin
29
role of fluoroquinolones in regards to tendon rupture
dehydrates tendons
30
how much load can the achilles tolerate?
12x bodyweight
31
when does achilles tendon rupture often occur in younger individuals?
during high velocity movements, often when the achilles is lengthened (during dorsiflexion and knee extension)
32
immediate signs of an achilles tendon rupture
feels like a kick from behind and often there is a pop
33
when does achilles tendon rupture often occur in older individuals
can occur during normal movements utilizing eccentric activity
34
signs and symptoms of an achilles tendon rupture
pain, weakness, popping sensation, cardinal signs, and foot in minor plantar flexion position
35
calf squeeze test
is done for an achilles rupture test and involves squeezing the calf; if foot plantar flexes, then there is no tear (but false positives may occur)
36
why might a false positive test occur for a calf squeeze test?
due to the plantaris tendon being active
37
treatment for tendon rupture
usually requires surgery (larger gaps require grafts), sometimes immobilization in older individuals, NSAIDs post surgery, and rehab program
38
tendinopathy definition
a clinical syndrome defined by persistent tendon pain and reduced load-bearing function, usually accompanied by structural change in the tendon
39
is tendinopathy more often acute or chronic?
chronic, but can be acute
40
tendinopathy interchangeable terms
tendinitis or tendinosis
41
failed healing model of tendinopathy
reflects that repetitive mechanical loading of a tendon causes injury to collagen, leading to an overuse injury that causes an inflammatory response and pain
42
why kind of exercise do tendons adapt best to?
higher intensity exercise (MVC > 70%) and longer durations of exercise (e.g. 7 seconds)
43
MVC meaning
maximum voluntary contraction
44
is corticosteroid use, eccentric loading, or heavy slow resistance training (HRS) best for tendon healing?
heavy slow resistance training
45
eccentric training for achilles tendinopathy
focuses on lowering the knee into knee flexion
46
VISA score meaning
victorian institute of sport test that measures tendinopathy pain and function
47
corticosteroid use for tendon rupture results
4 weeks after stratification was high, but this decreased as time went on
48
what is the most important treatment paradigm for tendinopathy?
motor re-education and muscle activation
49
after motor re-education and muscle activation is met, what can you move onto in treatment paradigm rehab
proprioception, strength, and flexibility, then skill acquisition, and finally return to sport
50
insertional vs non-insertional tendinopathy
insertional is at the insertion point and non-insertional is at the midpoint of the tendon
51
difference in management between insertion vs non-insertional tendinopathy
for insertion, avoid loading the foot in dorsiflexion
52
achilles tendinopathy risk population
often seen in runners or older sedentary individuals
53
risk factors for achilles tendinopathy
reduced dorsiflexion, reduced strength of hip and ankle, age, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia
54
hypercholesterolemia and tendinopathy
cholesterol tends to accumulate in collagen rich structures like tendons, weakening these structures
55
familial hypercholesterolemia
is a genetic cholesterol disease and can often be a risk factor for tendinopathy
56
signs and symptoms of achilles tendinopathy
is gradual and includes morning stiffness after loading, thickened tendon, crepitus, and is often relieved by gentle movement and heat
57
most important question to ask for tendinopathy
morning stiffness?
58
diagnostic tests for tendinopathy
load and palpate tendon, history taking, US, and MRI
59
dutch guideline
is used for tendinopathy and recommends temporary cessation of provoking activity and replacing it with non-provoking activity, pain scale, and progressive calf strengthening
60
what kind of experimental treatment has positive results for tendinopathy?
US guided corticosteroid use; this is effective when combined with structured rehab and activity restrictions
61
recovery for dutch guidelines
2-3/10 don't recover and 85% return to sport
62
what are barriers of patients engaging in rehab
struggling to do the exercises assigned to them or giving up due to not seeing progress
63
JOSPT guideline
overlaps with dutch guideline, focusing on exercise, but also focuses on iontophoresis, taping, stretching, manual therapy, needling, and neuromuscular exercises
64
iontophoresis
is using topical corticosteroids and electrical waves to drive this into the tendon; is controversial
65
alfredson program
uses knee straight and knee bent exercises, focusing on eccentric part of the movement and doesn't take pain into consideration
66
silbernagel program
uses a pain scale and calf raises focused on eccentric portion of exercise
67
3 components making up the achilles tendon
2 gastroc heads and the soleus
68
how should exercise progress throughout healing
start with isometrics, then increase load and velocity (more explosive exercises)
69
where does DeQuervain tenosynovitis occur
extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendon sheaths
70
risk factors for DeQuervain tenosynovitis
age (peaks around 40-50), more in women, those who use the wrists often like athletes, workers, computer users, and musicians, both forceful and repetitive movements, and radial/ulnar/thumb deviations
71
what leads to inflammation in DeQuervain tenosynovitis?
exessive friction between the EPB and APL tendons, the shealth, and the styloid process
72
signs and symptoms of DeQuervain tenosynovitis
thickening of the sheath, cardinal signs, and pain (activity related and when stretching the tendons or compressing against the styloid process)
73
diagnostic tests for DeQuervain tenosynovitis
tenderness elicited by palpating the 1st dorsal compartment of the wrist or pain when the thumb is flexed and the ulnar is deviated
74
treatment for DeQuervain tenosynovitis
corticosteroid injections are 50% effective, splinting, surgery, and NSAIDs
75
PT involvement in DeQuervain tenosynovitis
prescribe exercises to safely maintain hand/wrist/elbow strength and ROM
76
finkelstein's test
is done for DeQuervain's tenosynovitis by palpating the 1st dorsal compartment of the wrist which thumb is flexed and ulnar is deviated
77
sensitivity vs specificity
sensitivity test identifies the disease whereas specificity is used to rule out a disease
78
what do adhesions often result in?
inability of gliding
79
in what type of injury are cartilage cells dying and causing inflammation?
tendon lacerations
80
what is a rupture almost the same as?
a grade 3 muscle strain
81
when is an injury considered an overuse injury?
when it becomes symptomatic
82
tendonitis
refers to the inflammation within the tendon and is interchangeable with tendinopathy
83
tendinosis
an old term refers to tendinopathy
84
where does the tendon insert?
callenous
85
what tendon injury is considered a worksafe injury?
DeQuervains
511
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions