Terms

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

small, membrane-enclosed units filled with a concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and endowed with the extraordinary ability to create copies of themselves by growing and dividing into two

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

everything in a cell, except for the contents of the nucleus

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

everything in the cytoplasm that IS NOT inside any organelle

Question 4

Fluorescence Microscopy

Answer 4

uses filters to select for specific wavelengths of light that will excite fluorescent tags

Question 5

Confocal microscopy

Answer 5

uses a laser beam to take optical sections of specimens

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

chemically pure substances that con’t be chemically broken down

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

makes up elements, and are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 8

Protons

Answer 8

positively charged, found in nucleus

Question 9

Neutrons

Answer 9

no charge, found in nucleus

Question 10

Electrons

Answer 10

negatively charged, found in orbitals surrounding nucleus

Question 11

Ionic Bond

Answer 11

forms when one electron is transferred from one atom to another, leaving both atoms with a full outermost shell and opposite charges that hold them together

Question 12

Salts

Answer 12

compounds held together by ionic bonds

Question 13

Covalent Bonds

Answer 13

form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to fill their outermost shell

Question 14

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 14

weak bonds formed between a H with a slight positive charge, and another molecules’ atoms with a slight negative charge

Question 15

Electrostatic Interactions

Answer 15

forces that draw together oppositely charged atoms

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

substance in which other substances can dissolve

Question 17

Isomer

Answer 17

molecule with same chemical formula but different structure

Question 18

Amphipathic

Answer 18

posses both hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions

Question 19

Heat

Answer 19

random movement of atoms

Question 20

Kinetic

Answer 20

energy of motion

Question 21

Potential

Answer 21

stored energy

Question 22

Chemical

Answer 22

energy stored in the bonds of a molecule

Question 23

Electromagnetic

Answer 23

energy of light

Question 24

Entropy

Answer 24

measure of disorder and spontaneity of the system

Question 25

Activated Carriers

Answer 25

molecules that store energy in an easiliy exchangeable form, either as a readily transferrable group, or as readily transferable electrons

Question 26

Activation Energy

Answer 26

energy required to "boost" over an energy barrier

Question 27

Primary Structure

Answer 27

amino acid sequence

Question 28

secondary structure

Answer 28

structure that form in certain segments of the AA chain, provide substructure

Question 29

Tertiary Structure

Answer 29

full 3D conformation formed by an entire polypeptide chain

Question 30

Quaternary Structure

Answer 30

when multiple polypeptides form a single complex

Question 31

Protein Domain

Answer 31

any segments of a polypeptide chain that can fold independently into a compact, stable structure

Question 32

Prions

Answer 32

misfolded proteins

Question 33

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 33

uses an electric current to separate proteins in a gel matrix

Question 34

Chromatography

Answer 34

method that uses different materials to separate the individual components of a complex mixture into proteins based on the properties of the protein

Question 35

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Answer 35

Separates proteins by charge

Question 36

Mass Spectrometry

Answer 36

method that ionizes small chemicals(like short peptides) and sorts them based on a mass-to-charge ratio

Question 37

Diffusion

Answer 37

the random movement of anzymes and their substrates