Flashcards in Test 1 Deck (66)
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1
Who concluded that childbed fever resulted from un washed hands:
Iganz Semmelweis
2
What was the principal cause of death at the beginning of the 20th century:
Infectious diseases
3
Who discovered the unseen microbial world
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
4
Who noted that many diseases were transmitted in a predictable pattern
G. Fracastoro
5
Whos research on rabies led to the development of vaccination
Louis Pasteur
6
This man is accepted as the fater of the Germ Theory of Disease
Robert Koch
7
Who was the first to suggest that disease might be cause by invisible agents transmitted directly, or by fomites, or though the air:
G. Fracastoro
8
THe Prokarya is
No Membrane
9
Of the Eukaryotes, it can be said:
Membrane bound
10
Classification of the three domains of life, prokarya, archae, eukarya, is based on
base sequences RNA segment of ribosomes
11
Concerning the use of the binomial system of taxonomy
Species names always begin with lower case letters
12
What is the glycocalyx and what role does it play in bacteria.
Protection and attachment layer made up of polysaccharides, Slime layer
13
Why are members of the Genera Bacillus and Clostridium so resistant to environmental stress
Because they are bacterial endospores which allows them to be ametabollic and not require any nutrition
14
Bacterial genetics includes HORIZONTAL as well as vertical processes. Name and describe three process of horizontal genetic exchange in bactera.
Conjugation-Transfer of DNA from cell to cell
Transformation-Transfer of naked DNA into cell(cell to enviorment)
Trasduction-DNA from bacteriophage into cell
15
What is POG, and how is it different from plant cell walls
Peptidoglycan, alternating polysaccharide chins. N-acetylyglucosamine and N-acetyimuramicacid linked by peptide. It lets the cell constrict & expand. Thick cell wall
16
What are plasmids:
Self replicating cells that contain DNA
17
What rold do they play in bacterial genetics
They are part of the normal method of replication (Conjugation
18
The Germ Theory of Disease was firmly established when it was conclusively demonstrated that the disease known as Anthrax was cuased by this bacterial species
Bacilius anthriseis
19
What was Edward Jenner's contribution to disease prevention:
He developed the idea of vaccination and was able to prove it worked, used milk maids to prevent small pox
20
GIve examples of the non-specific immunologic barriers to infection
Anatomic-SKin
Physiologic-Temp and pH
Endocytic- Cells inside body, Keep bacteria outside
Inflammatory- "redness and swelling with Heat and Pain"
21
What is meant by "normal Flora"
A bacteria that is helpful or common to the body
22
How is "normal FLora a protective barrier of disease
It helps to crowd out the harmful bacteria
23
Where is "normal flora" located
Skin, mucous membranes, gut
24
Name three characteristic of the epidermis that make it and effective barrier to infection
Salty surface, Frequent dequimation, No blood vessels, dry, acidic
25
What is Koch's first postulate
Infected tissue must show presence of particular microoganism not found in healthy animals
26
What is Koch's second postulate
Microorganism must be isolated & grow in pure culture
27
What is Kroch's 3rd postulate
When injected into healthy animal, microorganism must cause associated disease
28
What is Kroch's 4th postulate
"second generation" microorganism should be isolated & be identical to the first.
29
What characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria make all of them potentially pathogenic
The lipopolysaccharide molecules on the cell that secreate Lipase A which makes TNF causeing sickness
30
