Flashcards in Test 2 Notes Deck (172)
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1
Why do bacteria cause disease?
Because they are toxic
2
Bacteria cause disease by generating a bewildering array of factors that allow colonization an promote growth at the expense of host what are they?
They make toxic substances
They do it so they can colonize and grow
They only cause damage if they grow
3
What are the general aspects of Toxins
They Promote colonization
They gain entry into cells (looking for nutrients)
They help avoid host immune mechanism
Have families of Virulence factors
4
How do toxins help avoidance of host immune system
They have ways to neutralize the immune system
5
What are the 2 groups of Toxins
Endo Toxin
Exo Toxin
6
How many kinds of Endotoxins are there?
Only 1
7
What is the only kind of Endotoxin
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
8
What is an Endotoxin
It is a toxin that is actually part of the bacteria
9
What is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
It is Lipid A as the anchor with many polysaccharide (sugar) behind it
10
How does Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) work?
It releases when bacteria binds to macrophage.
This makes the macrophage release IL-1 and TNF. Thes cause flu like symptoms of Fever, Malaise, Myalgia, rigors, and shock
11
What does the Macrophage release when Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is released by the bacteria into it?
IL-1 and TNF
12
What does IL-1 and TNF cause when the macrophage releases it due to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) being released by the bacteria?
IL-1 and TNF cause Flue like symptoms of Fever, Malaise, Myalgia, Rigors, and Shock.
13
What impact does LPS then have on the medical world.
All Medical supplies must be sterilized and free of LPS or it would cause these flu like symptoms.
14
How do they Test for LPS?
They inject into rabbits and see if it causes a fever.
15
Why do Antibiotics make you feel worse at first?
When you get antibiotics it kills all the bacteria causing them to shed the LPS when they die. This starts the release of iL-1and TNF into the system causing the flu like symptoms that make you feel worse.
16
Where is LPS found?
Only on Gram-Negative surface components
17
That is an Exotoxin?
Toxins that are secreted free from the bacteria
18
How many kinds of exotoxins are there
100's of different kinds
19
What are some of the main kids of Exotoxins
Classical A/B toxins
Exotoxins as pores
Superantigens
Immune Avoidance
20
What is Bacteriemia
It is when the bacteria is growing in the system
21
What is toxemia
It is when no bacteria is present but their toxins are still there
22
Generally what are Exotoxins
Enzymes or Pores
23
What is the purpose of Exotoxins
They promote bacterial colonization or reproductions by providing nutrients, they do this by killing our cells so bacteria can get our nutrients
24
What is a Classical A/B toxin
One of the many exotoxins with 2 parts a B-domain and an A-domain
25
What is the B-domain of an A/B toxin
This is the binding site, it controls to what type of cells the exotoxin can bind to.
26
What is the A-domain of an A/B toxin
It is the active portion. Determines how the toxin effects the cell.
27
What is an example of how different A/B toxins can effect us
Tetanus vs. Botulinum
Tetanus paralyses you, where botulinum makes you very relaxed like a noodle
28
How are Tetanus and Botulinum different
Tetanus paralyses you, where botulinum makes you like noodle. They have the exact same A-domain, but their B-domain is very different
So it does the same things to the cells, but the cells it attacks are different
29
What is an Cytotoxins-
They are exotoxin that act like pores, and they lyse (kill) cells
30
